“…Bhattacharya, 2006;Tao & Ji, 2020;Hafez, 2015;Lagasio et al, 2021;Dawood, 2019). In addition, other studies revealed that BT has a positive effect on BL (e.g., Wu & Liu, 2022;Haudi et al, 2022;Tan et al, 2022;Benson, 2022;Adha & Utami, 2021;Zehir et al, 2011). Accordingly, when customers trust in a certain brand especially in situation of uncertainty like the COVIID-19 pandemic, they will be more loyal for that brand.…”