The Influence of Grass and Porous Barrier Strips on Runoff Hydrology and Sediment Transport

Ghadiri, Hossein; Rose, C. W.; Hogarth, W. L.

doi:10.13031/2013.4687

Cited by 60 publications

(80 citation statements)

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“…The higher proportions of eroded upland soils during the beginning of the sampled events were attributed to rapid mobilization by runoff of fine, loose particles deposited during previous runoff events or particles that were loosened by rain splash (Ghadiri et al 2001). Following this first flush of easily entrained soils by overland flow, the amount of sediment delivered to the stream was significantly reduced as runoff velocities decreased and its ability to transport sediment also decreased (Deletic 1998;Rossi et al 2005;Stutter et al 2008).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 97%

Fine sediment sources in Conservation Effects Assessment Project watersheds

Wilson¹,

Kuhnle²,

Dabney³

et al. 2014

Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 97%

Fine sediment sources in Conservation Effects Assessment Project watersheds

Wilson¹,

Kuhnle²,

Dabney³

et al. 2014

Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

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“…5,7 Endosulfan is extremely toxic to fish and aquatic invertebrates and produces strong effects on the nervous system of many organisms, including man. 4,6,8 This neurotoxic action is greater for the a-isomer compared to the b-isomer. 9 Chronic exposure to endosulfan may result in convulsions and behavioural aberration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…4 The principal degradation product in soils and vegetables is endosulfan sulfate, even though other minority breakdown products are also formed such as diol, aldehyde, ether and lactone endosulfan derivatives. 4,6,12 According to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), endosulfan pesticide levels in food are usually below the tolerance levels; 2 mg g À1 being the maximum allowable residue level for lettuce plants. 7 Endosulfan has been detected in several food samples such as vegetables (0.5-13 ng g À1 ), fruit juices (1-5 ng g À1 ), tobacco, seafood (0.2-1.7 fg g À1 ) and milk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uptake and bioavailability of persistent organic pollutants by plants grown in contaminated soil

et al. 2005

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This paper assesses the uptake of persistent organic pollutants (POP's) into plants. In particular, uptake of a-endosulfan, b-endosulfan and endosulfan sulfate from lettuce. The lettuce plants were grown on compost that had previously been contaminated at 10 and 50 mg g À1 per POP. The soil was slurry spiked by adding the appropriate amount of POP in acetone in an approximate ratio of 1 : 2, w/v soil : solvent. The solvent was left to evaporate at ambient temperature for 24 hours. Lettuce plants were grown under artificial daylight for 12 hours a day. The influence of soil ageing on the recovery of POP's from spiked soil samples was also assessed. The average recovery of endosulfan compounds from slurry spiked soil (10, 20 and 40 mg g À1 ) was consistent (92.9 AE 4.4% for n ¼ 9). However, ageing of endosulfan compounds on the slurry spiked soil resulted in lower recoveries (average losses were 12.5% after 14 days ageing of slurry spiked soil). The uptake of POP's was assessed by measuring the amount of endosulfan compounds in roots and leaves from lettuce plants after 10, 20 and 33 days. In addition, control plants grown in uncontaminated soil were monitored and analysed. It was found that endosulfan compounds were present in the roots of all lettuce plants irrespective of soil spike level or age of plant. In the 33 day lettuce plants where the soil was spiked at the highest level (50 mg g À1 ) endosulfan compounds were determined in the leaves. The root to leaf ratio was found to be 3.1 for a-endosulfan, 46.0 for b-endosulfan, and 24.3 for endosulfan sulfate. Spiked lettuce samples were subjected to in vitro gastrointestinal extraction to assess the bioavailability of endosulfan compounds. No detectable endosulfan compounds were determined in the gastric extracts while small quantities (range 0.06-0.12 mg g À1 ) were found in the intestinal extraction. All samples (soil and lettuce) were extracted using pressurised fluid extraction and analysed using gas chromatography with mass selective detection.

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“…Although CGSs are regularly referred to as filter strips, the main mechanism for sediment removal is settling (22,39,55,91). CGSs are only able to filter large particles, due to the large flow spaces in the vegetation (39).…”

Section: Stevens and Quinton 2009 Critical Reviews In Environmental Smentioning

confidence: 99%