The Influence of Grain Size on the Mechanical Properties of Steel

Abstract

Many of the important mechanical properties of steel, including yield strength and hardness, the ductile-brittle transition temperature and susceptibility to environmental embrittlement can be improved by refining the grain size. The improvement can often be quantified in a constitutive relation that is an appropriate variant on the familiar Hall-Petch relation: the quantitative improvement in properties varies with d-1/2 , where d is the grain size. Nonetheless, there is considerable uncertainty regarding the detailed mechanism of the grain size effect, and appropriate definition of "grain size". Each particular mechanism of strengthening and fracture suggests its own appropriate definition of the "effective grain size", and how it may be best controlled.

The Influence of Austenite Grain Size on the Mechanical Properties of Low-Alloy Steel with Boron

“…For example, at room temperature, the hardness, yield strength, tensile strength, fatigue strength, and impact strength all increase with decreasing grain size. The influence of grain size on the mechanical properties of steel is most commonly expressed in a Hall-Petch Equation (Equations (1) and (2)) [1][2][3][4]. This classic equation can also be used to predict hardness.…”

“…However, Morris [4] noticed that the Hall-Petch equation is not unequivocal for martensitic steels. Some studies concerning the influence of the prior austenite grain size on the austenite to ferrite transformation temperature and different ferrite morphologies in Nb-micro-alloyed (HSLA) steel have been performed [6].…”

Slip band–grain boundary interactions in commercial-purity titanium

“…A large body of theoretical and modelling work has been focused on predicting the resistance to slip transfer using boundary related parameters as has been reviewed by Morris [21]. Some of the proposed models require grain boundary parameters that cannot be directly measured, while others contain parameters that depend on pre-knowledge of , rendering those models descriptive but not predictive.…”

Pengaruh Temperatur Solution Treatment dan Aging terhadap Struktur Mikro dan Kekerasan Copperized-AISI 1006

“…Hal tersebut terjadi karena semakin banyak batas butir yang dimiliki oleh suatu material maka akan semakin besar energi yang dimiliki untuk menahan dislokasi saat pembebanan [10]. Hal tersebut juga berlaku saat material dikenai indentasi untuk mengetahui kekerasannya [11]. Gambar 7.…”