The Influence of Glyphosate on Bud Dormancy in Leafy Spurge (<i>Euphorbia esula</i>)

Maxwell, Bruce D.; Foley, Michael; Fay, P.

doi:10.1017/s0043174500026709

Cited by 13 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(22 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…We hypothesize that the increased abundance of shikimate in crown buds is due to either 1) translocation of glyphosate from foliar tissues into the root system and UABs to locally inhibit EPSPS, and/or 2) translocation and compartmentalization of foliar shikimate into the root system or UABs. However, there is more support for the first option based on previous reports indicating that glyphosate or its metabolites are translocated into the roots and UABs of leafy spurge [ 12 ], similar to that reported in other weedy species [ 15 , 50 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…Translocation of foliar applied glyphosate and its sequestration into the root system of leafy spurge [ 12 ] caused irreversible effects to the main SAM of UABs prior to growth-induction by decapitation of the directly treated aerial tissues. This theory is supported by the increased abundance of shikimate in crown buds post foliar glyphosate-treatment and prior to growth-induction (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, greater concentrations of glyphosate (~2-6 kg ha −1 ) generally cause sub-lethal effects in underground root system of leafy spurge; these higher rates still do not destroy the plants completely, but induce uncontrolled growth patterns (e.g., tillering and branching) from UABs in following generations, similar to the glyphosate-induced tillering observed in quackgrass ( Agropyron repense ) and common milkweed [ 10 , 11 ]. Further, the effects of glyphosate on leafy spurge [ 12 ] were proposed to involve glyphosate’s effect on release of apical dominance in lateral buds similar to that observed in sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor ), soybean ( Glycine max ), and pea ( Pisum sativum ), which have been linked to changes in auxin levels and transport [ 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Glyphosate’s impact on vegetative growth in leafy spurge identifies molecular processes and hormone cross-talk associated with increased branching

et al. 2015

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundLeafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) is a perennial weed that is considered glyphosate tolerant, which is partially attributed to escape through establishment of new vegetative shoots from an abundance of underground adventitious buds. Leafy spurge plants treated with sub-lethal concentrations of foliar-applied glyphosate produce new vegetative shoots with reduced main stem elongation and increased branching. Processes associated with the glyphosate-induced phenotype were determined by RNAseq using aerial shoots derived from crown buds of glyphosate-treated and -untreated plants. Comparison between transcript abundance and accumulation of shikimate or phytohormones (abscisic acid, auxin, cytokinins, and gibberellins) from these same samples was also done to reveal correlations.ResultsTranscriptome assembly and analyses confirmed differential abundance among 12,918 transcripts (FDR ≤ 0.05) and highlighted numerous processes associated with shoot apical meristem maintenance and stem growth, which is consistent with the increased number of actively growing meristems in response to glyphosate. Foliar applied glyphosate increased shikimate abundance in crown buds prior to decapitation of aboveground shoots, which induces growth from these buds, indicating that 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate (EPSPS) the target site of glyphosate was inhibited. However, abundance of shikimate was similar in a subsequent generation of aerial shoots derived from crown buds of treated and untreated plants, suggesting EPSPS is no longer inhibited or abundance of shikimate initially observed in crown buds dissipated over time. Overall, auxins, gibberellins (precursors and catabolites of bioactive gibberellins), and cytokinins (precursors and bioactive cytokinins) were more abundant in the aboveground shoots derived from glyphosate-treated plants.ConclusionBased on the overall data, we propose that the glyphosate-induced phenotype resulted from complex interactions involving shoot apical meristem maintenance, hormone biosynthesis and signaling (auxin, cytokinins, gibberellins, and strigolactones), cellular transport, and detoxification mechanisms.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1627-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Glyphosate’s impact on vegetative growth in leafy spurge identifies molecular processes and hormone cross-talk associated with increased branching

et al. 2015

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The increase in control when glyphosate is applied with 2,4-D may be because glyphosate at sublethal concentrations alters the bud dormancy regulation system in leafy spurge resulting in a proliferation of new shoots arising from the roots (Maxwell et al 1987), commonly termed "witches brooming". Glyphosate apparently interfered with correlative inhibition which facilitated prolific shoot bud growth from previously inhibited buds on the leafy spurge root.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula) Control with Glyphosate Plus 2,4-D

Lym¹

2000

Journal of Range Management

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Leafy spurge control with glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] plus 2,4-D [2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] applied annually for 3 years alone or rotated with auxin herbicides was evaluated at 3 locations in North Dakota. Glyphosate applied with 2,4-D averaged 67% leafy spurge control 3 months after treatment which was a 10-fold increase compared to glyphosate alone. Glyphosate plus 2,4-D applied annually for 3 years or rotated with dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid) or picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid) plus 2,4-D provided 80 to 90% leafy spurge control, which was similar to the standard annual picloram plus 2,4-D treatment but at 30 to 65% less cost. Herbage production was similar regardless of treatment. The absorption and translocation of 1 4 C-2-4-D increased 2-to 3-fold when applied wit glyphosate compared to 1 4 C-2,4-D applied alone. However, both absorption and translocation of 1 4 C-glyphosate was severely reduced when applied with 2,4-D compared to 1 4 C-glyphosate applied alone. The increase in control when glyphosate is applied with 2,4-D may be because sublethal concentrations of glyphosate break root bud dormancy in leafy spurge, thereby increasing the amount of 2,4-D in the root. Glyphosate plus 2,4-D provided good leafy spurge control at less cost than current widely used treatments and should provide a new tool for leafy spurge management.

show abstract

“…Five days after treatment the treated leaves were removed and the 14 C remaining on the treated leaf surface was determined as previously described (Maxwell et al 1987). Radioactivity was measured by liquid scintillation spectroscopy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%