The influence of generalized diseases on clinical manifestations of periodontal disease

The role of systemic conditions and disorders in periodontal disease

“…There are few true epidemiological surveys of systemic disorders in large populations of subjects, with appropriate analysis to determine whether or not these disorders are risk factors for periodontal disease. However, 2 early studies by Sandler & Stahl (125,126) represent an attempt to determine which systemic conditions affect periodontal diseases. In one study (125), alveolar bone resorption was measured in 1300 hospitalized patients and correlated with various diseases, and no differences were seen.…”

“…In one study (125), alveolar bone resorption was measured in 1300 hospitalized patients and correlated with various diseases, and no differences were seen. In a larger sample of 4000 subjects, patients were classified according to their disease status, which was then correlated with periodontal disease (126). Among all the diseases assessed, including malignancies, respiratory diseases, nervous system diseases and kidney and liver diseases, only patients suffering from diabetes had a statistically significantly higher prevalence of periodontal disease than hospitalized control patients.…”

Relationship of Stress, Distress, and Inadequate Coping Behaviors to Periodontal Disease

“…1,2 Periodontal risk factors include age, gender, cigarette smoking, [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis and Bacteroides forsythus, [16][17][18][19] and diabetes mellitus. 2,18,[20][21][22] The possible role of mental and psychosocial entities in oral diseases has become the subject of several case control studies. Morse and coworkers 23 suggested from a study of 12 subjects that different bacteria levels were found under stress and relaxation conditions, which supports the concept that stress may contribute to dental caries and relaxation may have an anti-caries effect.…”

The Healing of Experimentally Induced Gingival Wounds in Rats on Prolonged Nutritional Deprivations

“…A similar rationale might be advanced to explain clinical observations which reported increased periodontal pathology in patients suffering from generalized, debilitating dis-eases, provided one considers the marginal gingival lesion as a wound in some stage of breakdown or repair. 9 Finally, one should comment on the response to injury in animals on semi-starvation. The greatest death toll took place in animals of this group.…”