The influence of gas and humidity on the mineralogy of various salt compositions – implications for natural and technical caverns

Strauch, Bruce; Zimmer, Martin; Zirkler, Axel; Höntzsch, Stefan; Schleicher, Anja M.

doi:10.5194/adgeo-45-227-2018

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Here, Zechstein evaporites of the Werra Formation (Z1) are deposited on top of siliciclastic Permian Rotliegend rocks. The Werra Formation is dominated by rock salt with two intercalated potash seams mainly consisting of hard salt (for details see Strauch et al, 2018). Hard salt is a mining term for salt rocks that are generally harder to drill than rock salt with a main mineral composition of halite (NaCl), sylvite (KCl) and kieserite (MgSO 4 • H 2 O).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Water and solutions in disequilibrium with the solid salt wall result in a reactive zone with complex solutionprecipitation processes that continuously change the effective porosity along the periphery of the cavern (Durie, 1964;Heekeren et al, 2009;Röhr, 1981;Voigt et al, 2001). Especially in the presence of soluble or reactive mineral layers, this might influence the integrity of cavernous structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lab scale salt caverns – first results on construction and investigation techniques

2019

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Abstract. Salt caverns from solution mining in bedded or domal saline structures are of increasing importance as temporary subsurface storage space to buffer fluctuating renewables and secure a stable energy supply. To assure the integrity of caverns during operation and long term abandonment, knowledge of geochemical rock–water interactions in the transition zone between cavity and salt rock is necessary. Due to the inaccessibility of cavern walls, a set of lab-based experiments were performed in hand-sized specimens by creating cm-sized cavities using fresh water injection and brine removal. The experimental simulations proved challenging and vacuum pressure tests revealed frequent leakage subsequent to borehole preparation. The samples were cut to expose the formed cavity and its margin. Micro X-ray Fluorescence mapping was employed to obtain information on element distributions and showed a clear separation between Na, Mg and K salt layers. XRF mapping represents a suitable technique to track spatial mineralogical changes related to rock-fluid interaction in salt rocks. Fluorescent liquids were used to visualize potential fluid pathways. First results show that these methods are promising in detecting geochemical changes and their extent and are, thus, useful tools in unravelling geochemical processes related to marginal areas of cavernous structures in salt deposits based on lab-scale simulations.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lab scale salt caverns – first results on construction and investigation techniques

2019

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Underground in-situ investigation of spatial and temporal changes of rock salt integrity in the marginal area of a natural CO2-rich cavernous structure

Strauch¹,

Richter²,

Zimmer³

et al. 2022

Applied Geochemistry

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The environmental factors affecting the archaeological buildings in Egypt, “IV deterioration by synergistic marine effects”

El-Gohary

2023

Herit Sci

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This paper investigates the marine effects that affect Qait Bey Fortress in Alexandria—Egypt. It presents the results of scientific studies and examinations to evaluate the deterioration conditions that affected archaeological buildings in the marine environment. In Alexandria, many monumental sites and stone buildings have suffered from many aggressive factors of deterioration (mechanical, chemical, and biological), which have caused great harmful appearances and threatened to eradicate them. These effects include the chemical actions resulting from seawater and marine aerosol and the mechanical actions of water waves. (Qait Bey Fortress), as a case study, was periodically investigated by many scientific techniques over five years to check its decay conditions and to define the most suitable conservation approaches and non-destructive methods for preservation. Different techniques and examinations were carried out to evaluate the current deterioration state of the fortress. For example, XRD analysis and PM investigation were used to study the mineralogical compositions, lithotype, and petrographic characteristics of the stone samples. SEM was used to investigate the morphological features of the same samples. AAS was also used for studying the chemical constituents of seawater samples. In addition, microbiological investigations were conducted to evaluate the colored hard crusts that affected the stone surfaces in the fortress. Our results proved that severe deterioration factors influenced the fortress by collaborating with chemical, mechanical, and biological mechanisms. These mechanisms caused several manifestations, such as abrasion and attrition, crystallizing of salt species, mortar desegregation, pitting and minerals’ honeycomb (Alveolar), color changes, in addition to the accumulation of black and colored biogenic hard crusts composed of numerous tightly adjoining pits of several centimeters. Crusts, such as yellow to bluish green, resulted from P. aeruginosa and granular appearance having brownish ting in the center resulted from P. clacis. In addition, other pigmented features resulted from Bacillus firmus and Bacillus atrophaeus. The presence of some black and dark color crusts was attributed to the growth of some fungal species, such as A. niger, A. phoenicis, Cladosporium cladosporioides, and Alternaria alternata.

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The influence of gas and humidity on the mineralogy of various salt compositions – implications for natural and technical caverns

Cited by 4 publications

References 7 publications

Lab scale salt caverns – first results on construction and investigation techniques

Lab scale salt caverns – first results on construction and investigation techniques

Underground in-situ investigation of spatial and temporal changes of rock salt integrity in the marginal area of a natural CO2-rich cavernous structure

The environmental factors affecting the archaeological buildings in Egypt, “IV deterioration by synergistic marine effects”

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