The Influence of Foraging Mode and Arid Adaptation on the Basal Metabolic Rates of Burrowing Mammals

White, Craig R.

doi:10.1086/367940

Cited by 49 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…In support of the high-temperature selection hypothesis, several studies of both mammals (e.g., McNab and Morrison 1963;McNab 1979;Hinds and MacMillen 1985;White 2003) and birds Williams 2000, Tieleman et al 2003) have reported lower BMR in hot deserts. However, as noted above, hot deserts also have low precipitation and low primary productivity.…”

Section: Predictors Of Body Mass Bmr and Mmrmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…If variation in environmental temperature leads to variable natural selection on BMR, then it could occur in at least two ways (MacMillen and Garland 1989;Lovegrove 2000Lovegrove , 2003White 2003). First, high temperatures could favor low BMR to avoid overheating and/or for energy or water conservation, given that many habitats with high temperatures also have relatively low primary productivity and water availability (i.e., most deserts).…”

Section: Predictors Of Body Mass Bmr and Mmrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interspecific comparisons of mammalian BMR have reported a significant association with diet using conventional statistics (McNab 1992(McNab , 2002(McNab , 2003, but not with phylogenetically based methods (Degen et al 1998;Speakman 2000;Cruz-Neto et al 2001;Genoud 2002). Environmental productivity (as an index of food availability) has also been suggested to influence BMR (Hayes 1989;Mueller and Diamond 2001;White 2003), and a significant positive correlation between mass-independent BMR and net primary productivity was reported for a comparison of five species of Peromyscus mice (Mueller and 1362 ENRICO L. REZENDE ET AL.Diamond 2001, phylogenetic analysis). Comparative studies of small mammals have also reported significant associations between habitat aridity and BMR-that is, species from (hot) deserts have lower BMRs than their counterparts from mesic environments-employing conventional (McNab 1979;Goyal and Gosh 1983; and phylogenetic (Degen et al 1998) analyses.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another difference between our analyses is that Lovegrove (2003) computed contrasts for all climate variables on a star phylogeny. This procedure makes sense if the variables do not show phylogenetic signal (see Grafen 1989;Freckleton et al 2002;Blomberg et al 2003), but for our data, phylogenetic signal was highly significant for temperature, precipitation, and raw latitude (although not for altitude, Table 1), indicating that it is more appropriate to compute contrasts on a hierarchical phylogeny.If variation in environmental temperature leads to variable natural selection on BMR, then it could occur in at least two ways (MacMillen and Garland 1989;Lovegrove 2000Lovegrove , 2003White 2003). First, high temperatures could favor low BMR to avoid overheating and/or for energy or water conservation, given that many habitats with high temperatures also have relatively low primary productivity and water availability (i.e., most deserts).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Climatic Adaptation and the Evolution of Basal and Maximum Rates of Metabolism in Rodents

Rezende¹,

Bozinovic²,

Garland³

2004

Evol

103

199

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Abstract. Metabolic rate is a key aspect of organismal biology and the identification of selective factors that have led to species differences is a major goal of evolutionary physiology. We tested whether environmental characteristics and/or diet were significant predictors of interspecific variation in rodent metabolic rates. Mass-specific basal metabolic rates (BMR) and maximum metabolic rates (MMR, measured during cold exposure in a He-O 2 atmosphere) were compiled from the literature. Maximum (Tmax) and minimum (Tmin) annual mean temperatures, latitude, altitude, and precipitation were obtained from field stations close to the capture sites reported for each population (N ϭ 57). Diet and all continuous-valued traits showed statistically significant phylogenetic signal, with the exception of masscorrected MMR and altitude. Therefore, results of phylogenetic analyses are emphasized. Body mass was not correlated with absolute latitude, but was positively correlated with precipitation in analyses with phylogenetically independent contrasts. Conventional multiple regressions that included body mass indicated that Tmax (best), Tmin, latitude, and diet were significant additional predictors of BMR. However, phylogenetic analyses indicated that latitude was the only significant predictor of mass-adjusted BMR (positive partial regression coefficient, one-tailed P ϭ 0.0465). Conventional analyses indicated that Tmax, Tmin (best), and altitude explained significant amounts of the variation in mass-adjusted MMR. With body mass and Tmin in the model, no additional variables were significant predictors. Phylogenetic contrasts yielded similar results. Both conventional and phylogenetic analyses indicated a highly significant positive correlation between residual BMR and MMR (as has also been reported for birds), which is consistent with a key assumption of the aerobic capacity model for the evolution of vertebrate energetics (assuming that MMR and exercise-induced maximal oxygen consumption are positively functionally related). Our results support the hypothesis that variation in environmental factors leads to variation in the selective regime for metabolic rates of rodents. However, the causes of a positive association between BMR and latitude remain obscure. Moreover, an important area for future research will be experiments in all taxa are raised under common conditions to allow definitive tests of climatic adaptation in endotherm metabolic rates and to elucidate the extent of adaptive phenotypic plasticity.Key words. Bergmann's rule, body size, comparative method, diet, endothermy, energetics, temperature.Received August 29, 2003. Accepted February 8, 2004 Identification of the selective factors that have led to interspecific diversification in metabolic rates has been a major goal of ecological and evolutionary physiology (Garland and Carter 1994;Spicer and Gaston 1999;Walters and Reich 2000;McNab 2002). The most common approach is to correlate species or population differences in metabolic rate with variation in var...

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Section: Predictors Of Body Mass Bmr and Mmrmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Predictors Of Body Mass Bmr and Mmrmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Climatic Adaptation and the Evolution of Basal and Maximum Rates of Metabolism in Rodents

Rezende¹,

Bozinovic²,

Garland³

2004

Evol

103

199

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“…Many desert organisms like scorpions, snakes, and lizards burrow and swim effectively in sand [33,34,35,36,37] to escape heat and predators, and hunt for prey [38,39]. It has been hypothesized that many of these animals have evolved morphological adaptations like marked body elongation and limb reduction to deal with deformable terrain [40,41].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robotics: Science and Systems VI

2010

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Abstract-Previous study of a sand-swimming lizard, the sandfish, Scincus scincus, revealed that the animal swims within granular media at speeds up to 0.4 body-lengths/cycle using body undulation (approximately a single period sinusoidal traveling wave) without limb use [1]. Inspired by this biological experiment and challenged by the absence of robotic devices with comparable subterranean locomotor abilities, we developed a numerical simulation of a robot swimming in a granular medium (modeled using a multi-particle discrete element method simulation) to guide the design of a physical sand-swimming device built with off-the-shelf servo motors. Both in simulation and experiment the robot swims limblessly subsurface and, like the animal, increases its speed by increasing its oscillation frequency. It was able to achieve speeds of up to 0.3 body-lengths/cycle. The performance of the robot measured in terms of its wave efficiency, the ratio of its forward speed to wave speed, was 0.34±0.02, within 8 % of the simulation prediction. Our work provides a validated simulation tool and a functional initial design for the development of robots that can move within yielding terrestrial substrates.

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Phylogenetic Analyses: Comparing Species to Infer Adaptations and Physiological Mechanisms

Rezende

Diniz‐Filho

2012

Comprehensive Physiology

103

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Comparisons among species have been a standard tool in animal physiology to understand how organisms function and adapt to their surrounding environment. During the last two decades, conceptual and methodological advances from different fields, including evolutionary biology and systematics, have revolutionized the way comparative analyses are performed, resulting in the advent of modern phylogenetic statistical methods. This development stems from the realization that conventional analytical methods assume that observations are statistically independent, which is not the case for comparative data because species often resemble each other due to shared ancestry. By taking evolutionary history explicitly into consideration, phylogenetic statistical methods can account for the confounding effects of shared ancestry in interspecific comparisons, improving the reliability of standard approaches such as regressions or correlations in comparative analyses. Importantly, these methods have also enabled researchers to address entirely new evolutionary questions, such as the historical sequence of events that resulted in current patterns of form and function, which can only be studied with a phylogenetic perspective. Here, we provide an overview of phylogenetic approaches and their importance for studying the evolution of physiological processes and mechanisms. We discuss the conceptual framework underlying these methods, and explain when and how phylogenetic information should be employed. We then outline the difficulties and limitations inherent to comparative approaches and discuss potential problems researchers may encounter when designing a comparative study. These issues are illustrated with examples from the literature in which the incorporation of phylogenetic information has been useful, or even crucial, for inferences on how species evolve and adapt to their surrounding environment.

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The Influence of Foraging Mode and Arid Adaptation on the Basal Metabolic Rates of Burrowing Mammals

Cited by 49 publications

References 109 publications

Climatic Adaptation and the Evolution of Basal and Maximum Rates of Metabolism in Rodents

Climatic Adaptation and the Evolution of Basal and Maximum Rates of Metabolism in Rodents

Robotics: Science and Systems VI

Phylogenetic Analyses: Comparing Species to Infer Adaptations and Physiological Mechanisms

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