The influence of fluoxetine on orthodontic tooth movement in rats

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of chronic use of fluoxetine on the amount of orthodontic tooth movement and tissue changes in rats. A total of 192 Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: S, 0.9% saline solution; F, 20 mg/kg of fluoxetine; SM, 0.9% saline solution with orthodontic movement; and FM, 20 mg/kg of fluoxetine with orthodontic movement. After 30 days of daily saline or fluoxetine administration, an orthodontic device (25cN) was used to mesially displace the first molar in animals of the groups SM and FM. The animals were euthanized 2, 7, 14, and 28 days after placement of the orthodontic appliances and animals of groups S and F were euthanized at the same time. The assessment of tooth movement was made in gypsum castings, the collagen neoformation was assessed by polarization microscopy, the number of osteoclasts and root resorption were evaluated using tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, and presence of hyalinized areas was assessed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Fluoxetine did not affect the amount of tooth displacement, percentage of collagen, number of osteoclasts, and presence of hyalinized areas (P>0.05). There was a higher frequency of root resorption areas in the FM group than in the SM group only on the second day (P<0.05). The findings of this study show that chronic use of 20 mg/kg fluoxetine does not affect the amount of tooth movement, collagen neoformation, number of osteoclasts, or hyalinized areas and does not affect root resorption until the last day of orthodontic movement.

Role of Topical and Systemic Medications in Orthodontics: A Review

“…Golshah A et al 2022 [14] Caffeine injection Accelerated tooth movement Injection of caffeine can significantly increase rate of orthodontic tooth movement Zhu X et al 2021 [15] 6-shogaol Accelerated orthodontic treatment 6-shgoal significantly cause accelerated tooth movement of teeth Marin GC et al 2023 [18] Fluoxetine Orthodontic tooth movement The results of this study demonstrate that the quantity of tooth movement is unaffected by long-term administration of 20 mg/kg fluoxetine. Mehta S et al 2023 [19] Alendronate Orthodontic tooth movement The rate of TMO was reduced with alendronate.…”

“…The orthodontic treatment should aim to reduce pain after applying force to the teeth. NSAIDs are classified into several classes based on their chemical makeup, including salicylates, acrylalkanoic acids (diclofenac), acrylpropionic acids (Profens), oxicams, and coxibs [17][18][19][20][21]. Numerous studies have shown their effects and mechanisms of action by inhibiting the activity of the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX), which suppresses the synthesis of all prostanoids, including PGs, which are important in the resorption of bones during the orthodontic process and, as a result, lowers the rate of TMO.…”

“…PGE1 injections at the location of TMO seem to be useful in promoting the alveolar bone's transformation and vascularity. Additional animal studies have demonstrated that local PGE2 treatment quickens TMO [18][19][20][21][22][23][24].…”

“…They function by blocking prostaglandin synthesis and calcium absorption in the intestines, which in turn causes a rise in resorption of bone and a direct reduction of osteoblastic activity. The majority of animal investigations found that the chronic group requiring long-term corticosteroid medication had an increase in tooth movement rate [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. On the other hand, investigations on acute corticosteroid consumption revealed decreased bone turnover.…”

“…According to this research, patients who consume corticosteroids on a regular basis should have their orthodontic force level decreased and maintained more often. Patients who are receiving acute steroid treatment should have their orthodontic treatment delayed until they are off the medication [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25].…”