The influence of flight noise on behaviour in the Desert Locust Schistocerca gregaria (Forsk.)

Haskell, P. T.

doi:10.1016/0022-1910(57)90023-9

Cited by 42 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The overlapping curves clearly demonstrate that the frequencies with maximum energy in the wingbeat are also those mediating maximum suppression of the electrically-evoked EPSP in neurone 714. Further, the intensity of the wingbeat noise measured 10 cm from the source (Haskell 1957) was about 10 dB above that required to mediate the suppression of responses to low frequency signals in the present study (compare Table2 of Haskell 1957 with Figs. 11, 13, 14 above).…”

Section: Suppression Of Responsesmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Any sound generated by the wings would act directly on the ear and could therefore interfere with another incoming acoustic signal. The acoustic spectrum of the locust wingbeat has, in fact, been analyzed (Haskell 1957) and 70% of all the energy was found to lie in the frequency band between 3.2-5.0kHz. I then examined the electricallyevoked EPSP in neurone 714 both before, and during, presentation of tones of various frequencies (see also Fig.…”

Section: Suppression Of Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the flight sounds produced by the locust's beating wings (Haskell 1957), and the acoustic spectra of air currents encountered during flight, either passively or self-generated (Horsmann et al 1984), constitute environmental noise that must be filtered out for the purposes of auditory perception.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modulation of auditory responsiveness in the locust

Boyan

1986

J. Comp. Physiol.

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The auditory responsiveness of a number of neurones in the meso- and metathoracic ganglia of the locust, Locusta migratoria, was found to change systematically during concomitant wind stimulation. Changes in responsiveness were of three kinds: a suppression of the response to low frequency sound (5 kHz), but an unchanged or increased response to high frequency (12 kHz) sound; an increased response to all sound; a decrease in the excitatory, and an increase in the inhibitory, components of a response to sound. Suppression of the response to low frequency sound was mediated by wind, rather than by the flight motor. Wind stimulation caused an increase in membrane conductance and concomitant depolarization in recorded neurones. Wind stimulation potentiated the spike response to a given depolarizing current, and the spike response to a high frequency sound, by about the same amount. The strongest wind-related input to interneuron 714 was via the metathoracic N6, which carries the axons of auditory receptors from the ear. The EPSP evoked in central neurones by electrical stimulation of metathoracic N6 was suppressed by wind stimulation, and by low frequency (5 kHz), but not high frequency (10 kHz), sound. This suppression disappeared when N6 was cut distally to the stimulating electrodes. Responses to low frequency (5 kHz), rather than high frequency (12 kHz), sounds could be suppressed by a second low frequency tone with an intensity above 50-55 dB SPL for a 5 kHz suppressing tone. Suppression of the electrically-evoked EPSP in neurone 714 was greatest at those sound frequencies represented maximally in the spectrum of the locust's wingbeat. It is concluded that the acoustic components of a wind stimulus are able to mediate both inhibition and excitation in the auditory pathway. By suppressing the responses to low frequency sounds, wind stimulation would effectively shift the frequency-response characteristics of central auditory neurones during flight.

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Section: Suppression Of Responsesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Suppression Of Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modulation of auditory responsiveness in the locust

Boyan

1986

J. Comp. Physiol.

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“…Playback experiments (in which animal sounds are played back) have been carried out since the late 1950s on a variety of species including insects (Alexander, 1961; Haskell, 1957), birds (Ficken and Ficken, 1970; Roche, 1966; Verner and Milligan, 1971), fish (Fish, 1968), seals (Watkins and Schevill, 1968), reindeer (Espmark, 1971) and cetaceans (Morgan, 1970). However, there is a distinct lack of published playback experiments in marine mammals compared with terrestrial animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multivariate analysis of behavioural response experiments in humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae)

Dunlop

Noad

Cato

et al. 2012

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYThe behavioural response study (BRS) is an experimental design used by field biologists to determine the function and/or behavioural effects of conspecific, heterospecific or anthropogenic stimuli. When carrying out these studies in marine mammals it is difficult to make basic observations and achieve sufficient samples sizes because of the high cost and logistical difficulties. Rarely are other factors such as social context or the physical environment considered in the analysis because of these difficulties. This paper presents results of a BRS carried out in humpback whales to test the response of groups to one recording of conspecific social sounds and an artificially generated tone stimulus. Experiments were carried out in September/October 2004 and 2008 during the humpback whale southward migration along the east coast of Australia. In total, 13 ‘tone’ experiments, 15 ‘social sound’ experiments (using one recording of social sounds) and three silent controls were carried out over two field seasons. The results (using a mixed model statistical analysis) suggested that humpback whales responded differently to the two stimuli, measured by changes in course travelled and dive behaviour. Although the response to ‘tones’ was consistent, in that groups moved offshore and surfaced more often (suggesting an aversion to the stimulus), the response to ‘social sounds’ was highly variable and dependent upon the composition of the social group. The change in course and dive behaviour in response to ‘tones’ was found to be related to proximity to the source, the received signal level and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This study demonstrates that the behavioural responses of marine mammals to acoustic stimuli are complex. In order to tease out such multifaceted interactions, the number of replicates and factors measured must be sufficient for multivariate analysis.

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“…Whenever this species shows leg stridulation, short scratching sounds are produced which appear to have mainly a repellent function ( Jacobs 1953;Pflü ger & Field 1999). However, in Schistocerca gregaria, wing beat noise has been discussed as a possible mechanism for swarm coherence and collision avoidance (Haskell 1957).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionarily conserved coding properties of auditory neurons across grasshopper species

Neuhofer

Wohlgemuth

Stumpner³

et al. 2008

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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We investigated encoding properties of identified auditory interneurons in two not closely related grasshopper species (Acrididae). The neurons can be homologized on the basis of their similar morphologies and physiologies. As test stimuli, we used the species-specific stridulation signals of Chorthippus biguttulus, which evidently are not relevant for the other species, Locusta migratoria. We recorded spike trains produced in response to these signals from several neuron types at the first levels of the auditory pathway in both species. Using a spike train metric to quantify differences between neuronal responses, we found a high similarity in the responses of homologous neurons: interspecific differences between the responses of homologous neurons in the two species were not significantly larger than intraspecific differences (between several specimens of a neuron in one species). These results suggest that the elements of the thoracic auditory pathway have been strongly conserved during the evolutionary divergence of these species. According to the 'efficient coding' hypothesis, an adaptation of the thoracic auditory pathway to the specific needs of acoustic communication could be expected. We conclude that there must have been stabilizing selective forces at work that conserved coding characteristics and prevented such an adaptation.

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The influence of flight noise on behaviour in the Desert Locust Schistocerca gregaria (Forsk.)

Cited by 42 publications

References 21 publications

Modulation of auditory responsiveness in the locust

Modulation of auditory responsiveness in the locust

Multivariate analysis of behavioural response experiments in humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae)

Evolutionarily conserved coding properties of auditory neurons across grasshopper species

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