The influence of filter‐feeding benthic macroinvertebrates on the transport and deposition of particulate organic matter and diatoms in two streams

Monaghan, Michael T.; Thomas, Steven A.; Minshall, G. Wayne; Newbold, J. Denis; Cushing, Colbert E.

doi:10.4319/lo.2001.46.5.1091

Cited by 38 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…FPOM and VFPOM were conducted in separate reaches. FPOM statistics also include data from Lower Bloomington Creek, Smiley Creek, and the Salmon River (Cushing et al 1993;Minshall et al 2001). Abbreviations: h, water depth; u, water velocity; A, cross-sectional area; Q, discharge; Q W , unit width discharge; S, channel slope; U * , shear velocity; , shear stress; ␣, transient storage coefficient of exchange; A S , cross-sectional area of the transient storage zone; w , mass transfer coefficient of water; S W , uptake length of water; UBC, Upper Bloomington Creek; MBC, Middle Bloomington Creek, LBC, Lower Bloomington Creek; DC, Deep Creek; H, high flow; L, low flow.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of particle size on seston deposition in streams

Thomas

Newbold

Monaghan

et al. 2001

Limnology & Oceanography

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We investigated how particle size influences deposition and transport of fine particulate organic matter in streams. Field additions of very fine (VFPOM, 15-52 m), fine (FPOM,, and medium (MPOM, 107-250 m) detritus and live diatoms (Asterionella sp.) were used to quantify the longitudinal loss rate (k P ) of each material type and to derive estimates of mean transport distance (S P ) and field deposition velocity (v dep ). In all experiments, smaller particles deposited more slowly, and thus traveled farther, than larger size classes. Significant differences in k P were detected in four of seven paired FPOM and VFPOM particle additions. v dep estimates were neither equivalent nor closely associated with calculated quiescent water fall velocities (v fall ) for all size classes. Variation in S P and v dep of FPOM and VFPOM were strongly correlated across hydrological conditions (r ϭ 0.94 and 0.92, respectively). Variation in v dep was poorly associated with physical attributes of the stream. Transport distances were positively associated with the cross-sectional area of the transient storage zone (A S ) and the uptake length of water (S W ) for both size classes. We argue that local hydrological and benthic conditions establish a minimum rate of particle deposition and that departures from this rate due to gravitational forces begin to occur at particle diameters similar to the larger size classes used in this study (50-100 m).Fine particulate organic matter (FPOM, 53-106 m) often constitutes a large proportion of organic matter transported by streams (Naiman and Sedell 1979;Wallace et al. 1982;Minshall et al. 1983; Webster and Meyer 1997). FPOM movement in streams is envisioned as a series of transport

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of particle size on seston deposition in streams

Thomas

Newbold

Monaghan

et al. 2001

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…The apparent losses at Peak District confluences were not accompanied by losses in metals, or by marked differences in pH between inflowing tributaries and therefore cannot readily be attributed to flocculation/precipitation. Alternative processes leading to POC loss could include gravitational settling during low flow conditions, conversion of POC to DOC and/or CO 2 , and removal by filter feeders (Monaghan et al 2001). In July 2012, a POC gain (3.0 mg L -1 ) in Peak District C2 was accompanied by an almost equivalent DOC loss (2.9 mg L -1 ) suggesting that flocculation of DOC to POC had occurred.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sporadic hotspots for physico-chemical retention of aquatic organic carbon: from peatland headwater source to sea

et al. 2015

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Few studies have quantified the role of instream processes on net dissolved and particulate organic carbon (DOC and POC, respectively) export from peatland catchments, and those that have offer conflicting evidence. In this study, we evaluated evidence for active organic matter processing under field conditions, via a coordinated campaign across four UK catchments with peatland headwaters, targeted on potential 'hotspots' and 'hot moments' of physico-chemical carbon cycling. We hypothesised that specific hotspots and hot moments would occur where waters enriched with DOC and POC sourced from headwaters are exposed to: (1) mixing with freshwaters of different pH, conductivity and metal concentrations; and (2) mixing with seawater during autumn when DOC concentrations were at their highest. We observed instances of POC removal in headwaters, and potential for rapid conversion between dissolved and particulate carbon forms and for net removal of peat-derived carbon at confluences further downstream (where observed, on the order of 52-75 % for POC, and 5-44 % for DOC). Estuary transect surveys indicated that up to 30 % of fluvial DOC can be removed under high flow conditions. However, in the majority of cases concentrations remained within the range that would be expected based on conservative transport. These findings indicate that rapid (e.g. solubility-related) processes within the river system may be important but sporadic, thus are unlikely to provide major removal pathways for peat-derived organic carbon.

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“…Wotton et al 1998, Fonseca 1999 has been given considerable attention. Because of the high density of individuals on the stream bed, the small size and settling rate of the pellets, and strong, steady channel flows, blackfly larval feeding and pelletization represent an important transformation and downstream flux of organic matter in streams and rivers over considerable distances , but see Monaghan et al 2001). Blackfly fecal pellets travel hundreds of meters to kilometers downstream (Wotton et al 1998, Malmquist et al 2001, in extreme contrast to the highly localized deposition seen here for Atrina (and other cases studied in laboratory flumes, see citations below).…”

Section: Ecological Effects Of Biodeposit Dispersalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of diet on dispersal of horse mussel Atrina zelandica biodeposits

Miller¹,

Norkko²,

Pilditch³

2002

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Benthic suspension feeders repackage particulate matter into organic-rich biodeposits (feces and pseudofeces) that are released into near-bottom flows. Where suspension feeders are found in dense assemblages, they physically alter the near-bottom flow field and thus may affect the local pattern of particle deposition. This dispersal pattern will control the spatial flux of biodeposits, and potential effects on sediment properties and surrounding benthic fauna. We quantified the downstream dispersal of biodeposits produced by an array of horse mussels Atrina zelandica fed either cultured phytoplankton (P) or a mixture of phytoplankton and silt (PS), a diet range that mimics the natural variation in near-bed seston quality. Experiments were run in a laboratory flume at a free-stream velocity of 4.5 cm s -1 , a value typical of field conditions. Diet had a significant effect on A. zelandica feeding activity and the dispersal of biodeposits. Compared to the P biodeposits, a greater fraction of the PS biodeposits was ejected well above the horse mussel array into the accelerated overlying flow layer (62% compared with 35%). However, more of the PS biodeposits settled either within the A. zelandica array or in the 120 cm working section downstream of the array (43 vs 17% of P biodeposits). Despite overall similarity in size, PS biodeposits had a settling velocity twice that of the P biodeposits. Of biodeposits settling downstream of the array, more than 70% settled within 20 cm of the trailing edge, regardless of diet. The density of biodeposits decreased exponentially with distance from the array at a rate that was similar for both diets. Monte Carlo simulations with a simple boundary layer model generally reproduced this pattern, but also highlighted the importance of initial height above bottom as well as flow complexities in the downstream wake region. Thus, the quality and quantity of A. zelandica biodeposits reaching the bed depends on the interaction among behavioral responses to available diet, settling velocity and boundary layer flows. Such interactions should have strong but localized effects on the incorporation of pelagic productivity into the sediments and their consequent impacts on benthic community structure.KEY WORDS: Biodeposits · Bivalve · Benthic-pelagic coupling · Suspension feeding · Atrina zelandica · Diet quality · Boundary layer · Fecal pellets Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 242: [153][154][155][156][157][158][159][160][161][162][163][164][165][166][167] 2002 These biodeposits typically differ from the seston particles in aggregate particle size and shape, organic content and cohesive properties (Haven & Morales-Alamo 1966, Kautsky & Evans 1987, Dame 1993. The repackaging of seston into biodeposits induces a downward vertical flux of material from the water column to the seabed. This biologically mediated sedimentation can result in local deposition rates that substantially exceed that of passive physical sedimentat...

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The influence of filter‐feeding benthic macroinvertebrates on the transport and deposition of particulate organic matter and diatoms in two streams

Cited by 38 publications

References 36 publications

The influence of particle size on seston deposition in streams

The influence of particle size on seston deposition in streams

Sporadic hotspots for physico-chemical retention of aquatic organic carbon: from peatland headwater source to sea

Influence of diet on dispersal of horse mussel Atrina zelandica biodeposits

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