The Influence of Fasting on Blood and Plasma Composition of Herring Gulls (Larus argentatus)

Totzke, Uwe; Fenske, M.; Hüppop, Ommo; Raabe, Harald; Schach, Nicole

doi:10.1086/316675

Cited by 111 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Dabbert et al (1997) found that blood triglyceride levels predicted (rϭ0.57; Pϭ0.007) total body fat in mallard drakes. Measurements of plasma total protein, albumin, uric acid, urea, free fatty acids, cholesterol, ␤-hydroxybutyrate, and thyroid hormones may also give reliable information about nutritional status of birds (Totzke et al, 1999;Gannes, 2001;Hollmé n et al, 2001;Alonso-Alvarez et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Carcass Fat and Protein in Northern Pintails (Anas Acuta) During Spring Migration

Dombrowski

Bourgeois

Couture

et al. 2003

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Carcass Fat and Protein in Northern Pintails (Anas Acuta) During Spring Migration

Dombrowski

Bourgeois

Couture

et al. 2003

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…Ronald and George (1988) found WBC counts to peak in fall in captive Canada geese. Totzke et al (1999) experimentally starved herring gulls and found no changes in total WBC count but found a shift in WBC composition from lymphocytes to heterophils, with monocytes and basophils remaining constant and eosinophils being undetectable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The seasonal cycles in mass, moult, and plumage of the captive ruffs and red knots appeared to be unaffected; there were no indications that bleeding had negative effects on either hematocrit or percent WBCs. But, as shown by the apparently undernourished red knots and experimentally fasted herring gulls (Totzke et al 1999), birds may be physiologically less resistant to bleeding if their nutritional status is somehow compromised. This should be taken into account in studies on birds living in conditions that are potentially stressful.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Red blood cell and white blood cell counts in sandpipers (Philomachus pugnax, Calidris canutus): effects of captivity, season, nutritional status, and frequent bleedings

Piersma¹,

Koolhaas²,

Dekinga³

et al. 2000

Can. J. Zool.

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Captive ruffs (Philomachus pugnax) and red knots (Calidris canutus) kept in small flocks in outdoor aviaries maintained body mass and plumage cycles resembling those of free-living conspecifics. The persistence of identifiable annual cycles enabled us to study variability in two blood parameters, one a measure of red blood cell count (hematocrit) and the other an index of white blood cell (WBC) abundance (percentage). In both species hematocrit values averaged 0.43, somewhat lower than those measured in free-living red knots. Hematocrit varied little with time of year and we were unable to convincingly confirm predicted elevated hematocrit levels during periods of storage of fat for migration. In both species the percentage of WBCs (percent WBCs) initially declined from 0.6 to 0.8%; levels stabilized at 0.4% in ruffs and 0.3% in red knots after half a year in captivity. Using observations of the same individual red knots in the years before and after the experimental year as controls, biweekly extraction of about 30% of blood volume did not negatively affect seasonal changes in body mass and moult and breeding-plumage cycles. In nutritionally stressed red knots, hematocrit levels were low, and in these birds only, the small wounds inflicted by bleeding healed with difficulty.Résumé : Chez des Combattants variés (Philomachus pugnax) et des Bécasseaux maubèches (Calidris canutus) gardés en captivité en petites bandes dans des volières extérieures, les cycles de la masse corporelle et du plumage étaient semblables à ceux d'oiseaux libres. Le maintien d'un cycle annuel défini nous a permis d'étudier la variabilité de deux paramètres sanguins, l'un indicateur de la concentration d'érythrocytes (l'hématocrite) et l'autre indicateur de l'abondance des leucocytes (le pourcentage). Chez les deux espèces, la valeur de l'hématocrite était de 0,43 en moyenne, une valeur relativement plus basse que celle des Bécasseaux maubèches en liberté. L'hématocrite a subi peu de variations au cours de l'année et nous avons été incapables de confirmer la prédiction selon laquelle la valeur de l'hématocrite augmenterait pour des périodes de mise en réserve des graisses à l'approche de la migration. Chez les deux espèces, le pourcentage de leucocytes, de 0,6-0,8 % à l'origine, a baissé pour se stabiliser à 0,4 % chez les combattants et à 0,3 % chez les bécasseaux après une demi-année en captivité. En utilisant les résultats de nos observations des mêmes bécasseaux au cours de l'année précédente et de l'année suivante comme témoins, nous concluons que l'extraction bihebdomadaire de 30 % du volume sanguin n'a pas affecté négativement les changements saisonniers de la masse corporelle, la mue ou le plumage. Chez les bécasseaux soumis à un stress alimentaire, l'hématocrite était bas et seulement ces oiseaux ont eu de la difficulté à se remettre des petites blessures infligées lors des saignées.[Traduit par la Rédaction] 1355 Piersma et al.

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“…Indeed, the rapid movement of extracellular fluid into the capillaries is so rapid and strong that it can overshoot the pre-hemorrhage blood volume within a few minutes (Takei and Hatakeyama 1987). This replacement fluid results in a diluting effect that is manifest by a reduction in hematocrit values (Djojosugito et al 1968, Kovách and Balint 1969, Ploucha et al 1981, Gildersleeve et al 1985, Dressen et al 1999, Totzke et al 1999, Piersma et al 2000.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress Responsiveness in Nestlings: A Comparison of Two Sampling Techniques

Dufty¹

2008

The Auk

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I compared the effects on plasma corticosterone levels of two methods of collecting blood samples during standardized capture and handling stress protocols. In one method, individual nestling American Kestrels (Falco sparverius) were bled at three time periods: when initially removed from the nest, and 15 and 30 min later. In the other method, siblings removed from a nest were bled once each, either at the time of removal, or 15 or 30 min later. I found that there was no difference between the two groups in plasma corticosterone levels at the first sampling period, but 15 and 30 min after capture the singly-bled birds had significantly higher plasma corticosterone levels than the multiply-bled nestlings. The results suggest that data from multiplybled birds underestimate actual circulating hormone levels. The underlying mechanism for this phenomenon is unknown, although it may involve hemodilution.Key words: American Kestrel, stress, corticosterone, hemodilution, nestlings Organisms experiencing stressors typically secrete glucocorticoids to maintain or restore homeostasis (Wingfield and Romero 2001). The pattern of corticosterone secretion in response to a standardized stressor frequently is used to compare how different organisms respond to disruptive events. For birds, the most common technique is to use capture and handling stress to activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, with the sensitivity of the axis to the stressor determined through repeated blood sampling followed by radioimmunoassay (RIA) of the blood samples for corticosterone. Birds are held in a cloth bag between sampling sessions. This protocol facilitates comparison of adrenal responsiveness within and among species, and the results of such studies have enhanced our understanding of how ecological factors modulate stress responses (Wingfield et al. 1998, Wingfield andRomero 2001).The importance of a standardized approach in collecting blood samples to measure adrenoresponsiveness has been acknowledged, either explicitly or implicitly, in myriad papers. However, subtle, but possibly important, procedural differences occur among studies that use this protocol. For example, in many studies morphological measurements are taken after the last sampling period, so that the only time birds are handled is when blood samples are taken (Wingfield et al. 1992, Silverin et al. 1997, Blas et al. 2005. In contrast, sometimes morphological measurements are taken in between blood samples, when the birds would otherwise be in a cloth bag (Meddle et al. 2003, Adams et al. 2005. Similarly, occasionally birds are held in small cages in between sampling periods (e.g., Love et al. 2005) rather than in cloth bags. Furthermore, different trapping methods may be utilized in the same investigation (e.g., Lynn et al. 2003). In addition, in most studies similar amounts of blood are removed at each sampling period, but in others the initial blood sample may be larger, if additional hematological measurements are performed (e.g., Clinchy et al. 2004)....

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The Influence of Fasting on Blood and Plasma Composition of Herring Gulls (Larus argentatus)

Cited by 111 publications

References 58 publications

Estimation of Carcass Fat and Protein in Northern Pintails (Anas Acuta) During Spring Migration

Estimation of Carcass Fat and Protein in Northern Pintails (Anas Acuta) During Spring Migration

Red blood cell and white blood cell counts in sandpipers (<i>Philomachus pugnax</i>, <i>Calidris canutus</i>): effects of captivity, season, nutritional status, and frequent bleedings

Stress Responsiveness in Nestlings: A Comparison of Two Sampling Techniques

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