The influence of fasting and energy-restricted diets on leptin and adiponectin levels in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Kord, Hamed; Tinsley, Grant M.; Santos, Heitor O.; Zand, Hamid; Nazary, Ali Mohammad; Fatahi, Somaye; Mokhtari, Zeinab; Salehi‐Sahlabadi, Ammar; Tan, Shing Cheng; Rahmani, Jamal; Găman, Mihnea‐Alexandru; Sathian, Brijesh; Sadeghi, Amir; Hatami, Behzad; Soltanieh, Samira; Aghamiri, Seyed Mahmoud Reza; Bawadi, Hiba; Hekmatdoost, Azita

doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2020.10.034

Cited by 49 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Compared with the previous six systematic reviews of IF on cardiac metabolic risk-related indicators, the meta-analysis has obvious distinction and added novel value: First, there were three RCT ( 76 – 78 ) and three non-RCT articles ( 79 – 81 ) in the previous meta-analysis. We included only RCTs that represented the highest level of scientific evidence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We included only RCTs that represented the highest level of scientific evidence. Second, there were 30 ( 77 ), 19 ( 79 ), 28 ( 80 ), 10 ( 76 ), 15 ( 81 ), and 15 articles ( 78 ) included in the previous six meta-analyses on IF. We pooled the results of 46 articles to estimate the impact of IF on CMRFs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We pooled the results of 46 articles to estimate the impact of IF on CMRFs. Third, some studies have focused on metabolic drivers, such as abnormal adipocytokine ( 81 ), dysglycemia ( 76 , 77 ), blood pressure ( 79 ), blood lipids ( 80 ), and inflammatory factors ( 78 ). However, we provided the most comprehensive CMRF indicators, including body weight, blood sugar, blood lipids, and blood pressure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Epidemic Intermittent Fasting on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Yang

Liu

et al. 2021

Front. Nutr.

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Intermittent fasting (IF) has gained attention as a promising diet for weight loss and dysmetabolic diseases management. This systematic review aimed to investigate the effects of IF on cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs). A systematic literature search was carried out using three electronic databases, namely PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, until October 2020. Randomized controlled trials that compared the IF intervention with a control group diet were included. Fourteen effect sizes were expressed as weighted mean difference (WMD) using a fixed-effects model and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Compared to the ones within control groups, participants exposed to the IF intervention reduced their body weight (WMD, −1.78 kg; 95% CI, −2.21 to −1.35; p <0.05), waist circumference (WMD, −1.19 cm; 95% CI, −1.8 to −0.57; p <0.05), fat mass (WMD, −1.26 kg; 95% CI, −1.57 to −0.95; p <0.05), body mass index (WMD, −0.58 kg/m2; 95% CI, −0.8 to −0.37; p <0.05), systolic blood pressure (WMD, −2.14 mmHg; 95% CI: −3.54 to −0.73; p <0.05), diastolic blood pressure (WMD: −1.38 mmHg, 95% CI, −2.35 to −0.41, p <0.05), fasting blood glucose (WMD: −0.053 mmol/L; 95% CI: −0.105 to 0.001; p <0.05), fasting insulin (WMD, −0.8 mIU/L; 95% CI, −1.15 to −0.44; p <0.05), insulin resistance (WMD, −0.21; 95% CI, −0.36 to −0.05; p <0.05), total cholesterol (WMD, −0.10 mmol/L; 95% CI, −0.17 to −0.02; p <0.05), and triglycerides (WMD, −0.09 mmol/L; 95% CI, −0.13 to −0.04; p <0.05). No effects were observed for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, or glycosylated hemoglobin. This meta-analysis supports the role of IF in improving the component composition of CMRFs, including weight, waist circumference, fat mass, BMI, blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting insulin, and insulin resistance, compared to a control group diet. Further research on IF interventions should take into account long-term and well-designed administration to draw definitive conclusions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Epidemic Intermittent Fasting on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Yang

Liu

et al. 2021

Front. Nutr.

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“…Another study demonstrated that fasting and energy-restricted diets could reduce serum leptin concentrations. 30 Meanwhile, a recent systematic review and meta-analysis indicated that a diet with low dietary advanced glycation end products (AGEs) had a great effect on insulin resistance, particularly in patients with diabetes. 31 These findings suggest that an evidence-based plan for energy intake should be considered when designing policies for obesity management among adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Different Obesity Patterns and the Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Adults in Eastern China: A Cross-Sectional Study

Yang

et al. 2021

DMSO

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Purpose Obesity has become a public health challenge worldwide and can lead to the development of diabetes. However, studies examining the associations between different obesity patterns and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in China are limited. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the associations between three obesity patterns and the risk of T2DM development in Eastern China. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at our health examination center, involving 5860 adults, from June to December 2019. Data, including sociodemographic information, lifestyle, and biochemical measurements, were collected, and obesity was classified into three patterns: overweight and general obesity, abdominal obesity, and compound obesity. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the associations between different obesity patterns and T2DM risk after adjustment for confounding factors. Subgroup analysis was used to further explore the associations between obesity patterns and T2DM risk. Results A total of 5860 subjects were enrolled in this study. A significant difference in the T2DM incidence was observed between men and women with normal weight or overweight and general obesity ( p < 0.05); however, no significant differences were observed between men and women with abdominal obesity and compound obesity. After multivariable adjustment, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratios (ORs) [95% confidence interval (CI)] for T2DM in individuals with abdominal and compound obesity were 1.55 [1.08–2.24] and 1.85 [1.25–2.73], respectively, compared with the normal-weight group. Subgroup analysis showed that different obesity patterns were not independent risk factors for T2DM development among adults aged ≥ 60 years, whereas abdominal and compound obesity were highly associated with the risk of T2DM development among individuals who report current smoking or alcohol drinking. Conclusion Abdominal obesity and compound obesity are risk factors for T2DM. More attention should be paid to obesity prevention among individuals younger than 60 years and improving control of cigarette and alcohol abuse.

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“…In specific, adiponectin expression is enhanced in lean individuals, while leptin expression increases with obesity (12,13). Low energy expenditure state, including fasting and caloric deprivation diets, is significantly linked to decreased serum leptin and possibly to increased serum adiponectin (14).…”

Section: Adipokines Balance and Mineral Homeostasis In General Population And Ckd Adipokines Balance In General Population And Ckdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on the Crosstalk Between Adipose Tissue and Mineral Balance in General Population and Chronic Kidney Disease

et al. 2021

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Adipose tissue is nowadays considered as a major endocrine organ, which apart from controlling lipid metabolism, displays a significant role in energy expenditure, food intake and in the regulation of various systemic physiological processes. Adipose derived pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines, particularly leptin and adiponectin, provide inter-communication of adipose tissue with various metabolic pathways, ultimately resulting in a complex network of interconnected organ systems. Recent clinical and experimental research has been focused on exploring the direct interaction between adipokine profile and elements of mineral metabolism, including parathormone (PTH), fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) and calcitriol. The emerging crosstalk between adipose tissue and calcium and phosphorus homeostasis suggests that metabolic disorders from one system may directly affect the other and vice versa. It is current knowledge that fat metabolism disturbance, commonly encountered in obese individuals, influences the expression of calciotriopic hormones in general population, while various clinical trials attempting to successfully achieve body fat loss by modulating mineral profile have been published. In chronic kidney disease (CKD) state, there is an increasing evidence suggesting that mineral disorders, influence adipose tissue and linked endocrine function. On the contrary, the impact of disturbed fat metabolism on CKD related mineral disorders has been also evocated in clinical studies. Recognizing the pathogenetic mechanisms of communication between adipose tissue and mineral balance is critical for understanding the effects of metabolic perturbations from the one system to the other and for identifying possible therapeutic targets in case of disrupted homeostasis in one of the two connected systems. To that end, this review aims to enlighten the recent advances regarding the interplay between mineral metabolism, fat mass and adipokine profile, based on in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies, in general population and in the course of CKD.

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The influence of fasting and energy-restricted diets on leptin and adiponectin levels in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 49 publications

References 62 publications

Effect of Epidemic Intermittent Fasting on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Effect of Epidemic Intermittent Fasting on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Association Between Different Obesity Patterns and the Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Adults in Eastern China: A Cross-Sectional Study

Update on the Crosstalk Between Adipose Tissue and Mineral Balance in General Population and Chronic Kidney Disease

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