The influence of facial masking and sex on older adults’ impressions of individuals with Parkinson’s disease.

Hemmesch, Amanda R.; Tickle-Degnen, Linda; Zebrowitz, Leslie A.

doi:10.1037/a0016105

Cited by 56 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(79 reference statements)

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“…Hypomimia has considerable repercussions on patients' (often perceived as bored, anxious or cranky135, 136, 137) and relatives' quality of life, damaging interpersonal relationships and gradually increasing social isolation 1, 138. Patients, caregivers, and clinicians can break this vicious cycle.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial emotion recognition in Parkinson's disease: A review and new hypotheses

et al. 2018

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Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder classically characterized by motor symptoms. Among them, hypomimia affects facial expressiveness and social communication and has a highly negative impact on patients' and relatives' quality of life. Patients also frequently experience nonmotor symptoms, including emotional‐processing impairments, leading to difficulty in recognizing emotions from faces. Aside from its theoretical importance, understanding the disruption of facial emotion recognition in PD is crucial for improving quality of life for both patients and caregivers, as this impairment is associated with heightened interpersonal difficulties. However, studies assessing abilities in recognizing facial emotions in PD still report contradictory outcomes. The origins of this inconsistency are unclear, and several questions (regarding the role of dopamine replacement therapy or the possible consequences of hypomimia) remain unanswered. We therefore undertook a fresh review of relevant articles focusing on facial emotion recognition in PD to deepen current understanding of this nonmotor feature, exploring multiple significant potential confounding factors, both clinical and methodological, and discussing probable pathophysiological mechanisms. This led us to examine recent proposals about the role of basal ganglia‐based circuits in emotion and to consider the involvement of facial mimicry in this deficit from the perspective of embodied simulation theory. We believe our findings will inform clinical practice and increase fundamental knowledge, particularly in relation to potential embodied emotion impairment in PD. © 2018 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial emotion recognition in Parkinson's disease: A review and new hypotheses

et al. 2018

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“…Higher facial masking has been perceived more negatively than typical expressivity (Pentland, 1991; Pentland et al, 1987; Pentland et al, 1988; Tickle-Degnen, Zebrowitz, & Ma, 2011), but only one study to date has investigated how age peers perceive masking (Hemmesch, Tickle-Degnen, & Zebrowitz, 2009). …”

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confidence: 99%

The detrimental effects of atypical nonverbal behavior on older adults’ first impressions of individuals with Parkinson’s disease.

Hemmesch¹

2014

Psychology and Aging

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After viewing short video clips of individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) who varied in the symptoms of facial masking (reduced expressivity) and abnormal bodily movement (ABM: including tremor and related movement disorders), older adult observers provided their first impressions of targets' social positivity. Impressions of targets with higher masking or ABM were more negative than impressions of targets with lower masking or ABM. Furthermore, masking was more detrimental for impressions of women and when observers considered emotional relationship goals, whereas ABM was more detrimental for instrumental relationship goals. This study demonstrated the stigmatizing effects of both reduced and excessive movement.Keywords social perception; facial masking; tremor; Parkinson's disease; stigma Most research addressing how nonverbal behavior contributes to first impressions has been conducted with young, healthy students (Feldman & Tyler, 2006). This work demonstrates that many communication channels contribute to first impressions (Patterson & Manusov, 2006), and that more expressivity in these channels typically leads to more positive impressions (Bar, Neta, & Linz, 2006;Riggio & Friedman, 1986;Shrout & Fiske, 1981). However, less research has considered how aging may affect first impressions based on nonverbal behavior. Chronic conditions associated with aging can lead to atypical nonverbal expressivity by creating a dearth or excess of movement, such as reduced smiling and blinking; tremor; or uncoordinated, or uncontrollable movements. Atypical expressivity could compromise social relationships by reducing positive first impressions. This study focused on Parkinson's disease (PD), one of the most common chronic neurodegenerative disorders (Willis, Evanoff, Lian, Criswell, & Racette, 2010 With increasing facial masking in PD, facial movement becomes slower and more effortful, and expressions of emotion and social engagement become less spontaneous (Simons, Pasqualini, Reddy, & Wood, 2004;Smith, Smith, & Ellgring, 1996;Spielman, Borod, & Ramig, 2003). Higher facial masking has been perceived more negatively than typical expressivity (Pentland, 1991;Pentland et al., 1987;Pentland et al., 1988;Tickle-Degnen, Zebrowitz, & Ma, 2011), but only one study to date has investigated how age peers perceive masking (Hemmesch, Tickle-Degnen, & Zebrowitz, 2009).This study is among the first to examine how ABM, including tremor and jerky uncoordinated bodily movements, affects first impressions. ABM can jeopardize nonverbal communication (Pentland, 1991;Pitcairn et al., 1990) and may be associated with impressions of physical disability, although this hypothesis has not yet been tested.Facial masking has been found to be more detrimental to impressions of the social supportiveness of women with PD than men (Hemmesch et al., 2009;Tickle-Degnen et al., 2011). ABM may be more harmful for observers' impressions of men with PD than women because physical ability is more closely associated with male gender stereotypes (Woo...

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“…In other studies, raters' negative impressions were associated with the severity of hypomimia (Hemmesch, Tickle-Degnen, & Zebrowitz, 2009;Tickle-Degnen & Lyons, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Effects of the Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT^®LOUD) on Hypomimia in Parkinson's Disease

Dumer

Oster

McCabe

et al. 2014

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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Given associations between facial movement and voice, the potential of the Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT) to alleviate decreased facial expressivity, termed hypomimia, in Parkinson's disease (PD) was examined. Fifty-six participants--16 PD participants who underwent LSVT, 12 PD participants who underwent articulation treatment (ARTIC), 17 untreated PD participants, and 11 controls without PD--produced monologues about happy emotional experiences at pre- and post-treatment timepoints ("T1" and "T2," respectively), 1 month apart. The groups of LSVT, ARTIC, and untreated PD participants were matched on demographic and health status variables. The frequency and variability of facial expressions (Frequency and Variability) observable on 1-min monologue videorecordings were measured using the Facial Action Coding System (FACS). At T1, the Frequency and Variability of participants with PD were significantly lower than those of controls. Frequency and Variability increases of LSVT participants from T1 to T2 were significantly greater than those of ARTIC or untreated participants. Whereas the Frequency and Variability of ARTIC participants at T2 were significantly lower than those of controls, LSVT participants did not significantly differ from controls on these variables at T2. The implications of these findings, which suggest that LSVT reduces parkinsonian hypomimia, for PD-related psychosocial problems are considered.

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The influence of facial masking and sex on older adults’ impressions of individuals with Parkinson’s disease.

Cited by 56 publications

References 60 publications

Facial emotion recognition in Parkinson's disease: A review and new hypotheses

Facial emotion recognition in Parkinson's disease: A review and new hypotheses

The detrimental effects of atypical nonverbal behavior on older adults’ first impressions of individuals with Parkinson’s disease.

Effects of the Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT^®LOUD) on Hypomimia in Parkinson's Disease

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The influence of facial masking and sex on older adults’ impressions of individuals with Parkinson’s disease.

Cited by 56 publications

References 60 publications

Facial emotion recognition in Parkinson's disease: A review and new hypotheses

Facial emotion recognition in Parkinson's disease: A review and new hypotheses

The detrimental effects of atypical nonverbal behavior on older adults’ first impressions of individuals with Parkinson’s disease.

Effects of the Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT®LOUD) on Hypomimia in Parkinson's Disease

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Effects of the Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT^®LOUD) on Hypomimia in Parkinson's Disease