The influence of exogenous antigenic stimulation on the specificity repertoire of background immunoglobulin-secreting cells of different isotypes

Bos, Nicolaas A.; Meeuwsen, Cornelia G.; Wostmann, Bernard S.; Pleasants, Julian R.; Benner, R.

doi:10.1016/0008-8749(88)90306-1

Cited by 67 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The 'intensive' group presented lower means for IgA, IgG and IgG(T), but only the IgA level was significantly (P , 0.0074) lower (Table 2). In studies carried out in mice, animals kept on elemental diet (Menezes et al, 2003;Menezes et al, 2006) or under germfree conditions (Bos et al, 1988) presented significantly lower levels of secretory IgA and also lower serum IgA and IgG, while IgM levels remained within normality. In our case, variances between the two groups were significantly different for IgA (P 5 0.0073) and IgG (P 5 0.0265), also suggesting a tendency of IgG to be lower in the 'intensive' group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lower serum IgA levels in horses kept under intensive sanitary management and physical training

Souza

Miotto

Bonin

et al. 2010

Animal

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Quantity and variety of environmental antigens, age, diet, vaccine protocols, exercising practice and mucosal cytokine microenvironment are factors that influence serum immunoglobulin (Ig) levels. IgA, IgG, IgG(T) and IgM were quantified in 60 horses, which were classified into two groups, 'intensive' or 'relaxed', according to sanitary standards of the facilities and physical exercise to which animals were subjected to. The 'intensive' group presented lower means for all isotypes, but only IgA presented a significant (P , 0.0064) difference when compared to the 'relaxed' group. This suggests that mucosal immunity found in the 'intensive' group is lower when compared to the 'relaxed' group. Our data suggest that athlete horses may be less poised to mount an effective mucosal immunity response to environmental challenges and should not be considered by the same perspectives as a free-ranging horse.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, IgA switching is highly dependent on intestinal commensal flora and it has been shown that rodents kept under germ-free conditions or elemental diets present lower levels of both serum and mucosal IgA (Bos et al, 1988;Menezes et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower serum IgA levels in horses kept under intensive sanitary management and physical training

Souza

Miotto

Bonin

et al. 2010

Animal

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“…For example, a recent report from Pasare and Medzhitov (25) has demonstrated that MyD88-deficient mice express normal serum IgA Abs (although IgA secretion in the gut had not been explored). Furthermore, contradictory results have been published regarding the reduction of serum IgM levels in naive MyD88-deficient mice or MyD88/TRIF doubledeficient mice (25,26), and natural Abs are still produced in germfree mice (27,28). It cannot formerly be excluded that formation and replenishment of the pool of natural Abs involves compensatory mechanisms other than TLR signaling or that TLRs can be triggered by endogenous ligands.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TLR Agonists Selectively Promote Terminal Plasma Cell Differentiation of B Cell Subsets Specialized in Thymus-Independent Responses

Genestier¹,

Taillardet

Mondière

et al. 2007

The Journal of Immunology

261

270

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Naive murine B cells are known to proliferate and differentiate in response to LPS or CpG, which bind to TLR4 and TLR9, respectively. However, the naive murine B cell compartment is heterogeneous and comprises four different B cell subsets: B-1a, B-1b, marginal zone (MZ), and follicular (FO) B cells. B-1a, B-1b, and MZ B cells are specialized in the response to thymus-independent Ag, and FO B cells are involved in the response to thymus-dependent Ag. This study was undertaken to compare those four naive B cell subsets for their responses to TLR agonists. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that expression of TLR transcripts differs quantitatively but not qualitatively from one subset to the other. All TLR agonists, with the exception of flagellin and poly(I:C), stimulate B cell proliferation whatever the subset considered. However, TLR ligation leads to massive differentiation of B-1 and MZ B cells into mature plasma cells (PC) but only marginally promotes PC differentiation of FO B cells. Moreover, TLR stimulation strongly up-regulates expression of Blimp-1 and XBP-1S, two transcription factors known to be instrumental in PC differentiation, in B-1 and MZ B cells but not in FO B cells. Altogether, our findings suggest that B-1 and MZ B cells are poised to PC differentiation in response to the microbial environment and that TLR agonists can be instrumental in stimulating Ab-mediated innate immune protection during microbial infections.

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“…Germ-free mice also show features of immunological immaturity such as poorly developed gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), as well as low levels of secretory IgA and of serum IgG and IgA. 24 Therefore, our first aim was to determine whether withdrawal of dietary proteins would affect the number of bacteria present in the intestinal microbiota. Table 1 shows that aa-fed mice and control mice had similar numbers of total morphotypes, and Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in their intestinal content, suggesting that the drastic changes observed in aafed mice 6 were not attributable to an alteration in the amount of intestinal microbiota.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These animals also show poorly developed GALT, and low levels of secretory IgA and serum IgG and IgA. 24 Analysis of the total number of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in the intestinal contents of aa-fed C57BL6 showed no alteration, suggesting that replacement of proteins by amino acids does not result in a reduction of intestinal microbiota. A recent study on the effect of elemental diet (ED) in a colitis model using CB-17 severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice into which IL-10 )/) cells were transferred showed that ED-fed mice have reduced total amounts of faecal bacteria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Antigenic dietary protein guides maturation of the host immune system promoting resistance to Leishmania major infection in C57BL/6 mice

Amaral¹,

Gomes-Santos²,

Paula-Silva³

et al. 2010

Immunology

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Summary The immature immune system requires constant stimulation by foreign antigens during the early stages of life to develop properly and to create efficient immune responses against later infections. We have previously shown that intake of antigenic dietary protein is critical for inducing maturation of the immune system as well as for the development of T helper type 1 (Th1) immunity. In this study, we show that administration of an amino acid (aa)‐based diet during the development of the immune system subsequently resulted in inefficient control of Leishmania major infection in adult C57BL/6 mice. Compared with mice fed a control protein‐containing diet, adult aa‐fed mice showed a decreased interferon (IFN)‐γ response to parasite antigens and insufficient production of nitric oxide (NO), which is crucial to parasite death. However, no deviation towards Th2‐specific immunity to L. major was observed. Phenotypic analysis of antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) from aa‐fed mice revealed deficient levels of the costimulatory molecules CD40 and CD80, and low levels of interleukin (IL)‐12 produced by peritoneal macrophages, revealing an early stage of maturation of these cells. APCs isolated from aa‐fed mice were unable to stimulate a Th1 response in vitro. Both phenotypic features of T cells from aa‐fed mice and their ability to produce a Th1 response in the presence of mature APCs were unaffected when compared with T cells from control mice. The results presented here support the notion that regulation of Th1 immunity to infection includes environmental factors such as dietary proteins, which provide a natural source of stimulation that contributes to the process of maturation of APCs.

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The influence of exogenous antigenic stimulation on the specificity repertoire of background immunoglobulin-secreting cells of different isotypes

Cited by 67 publications

References 18 publications

Lower serum IgA levels in horses kept under intensive sanitary management and physical training

Lower serum IgA levels in horses kept under intensive sanitary management and physical training

TLR Agonists Selectively Promote Terminal Plasma Cell Differentiation of B Cell Subsets Specialized in Thymus-Independent Responses

Antigenic dietary protein guides maturation of the host immune system promoting resistance to Leishmania major infection in C57BL/6 mice

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