The influence of European and American wild germplasm in hop (Humulus lupulus L.) cultivars

Abstract

Microsatellite variation at the nuclear and chloroplast genomes was evaluated for wild European and wild American hops, in order to assess the genetic diversity and origin of cultivated hops. Seven nuclear loci and 32 chloroplast loci were used in the analysis of 182 hop accessions including wild European (68), wild American (48), and cultivars (66). A total of 116 alleles were identified using 7 nuclear microsatellites showing different averages of polymorphism and distribution in the wild American and European accessions and cultivars. Two main groups were established as revealed by several statistical analyses; one including European wild accessions and cultivars and a second group consisting of American wild accessions. Three polymorphic chloroplast microsatellite loci were detected, six alleles were scored which defined a total of five haplotypes that were exclusive or presented different distribution between American and European wild accessions. A major influence of the wild European haplotypes was detected among hop cultivars. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work reporting the use of chloroplast microsatellites in hops.

Italian hop germplasm: Characterization of wild Humulus lupulus L. genotypes from Northern Italy by means of phytochemical, morphological traits and multivariate data analysis

“…Saaz in turn selected by European wild hops) and Willamette (triploid genotype, daughter of Fuggle) cultivars, and this was somehow expected being those varieties derived from European ecotypes or hybrids with a strong European heritage (Patzak et al, 2006). On the other hand, the new cultivars developed to fulfill recent market requirements were produced by crosses of those old European hops with wild American hops (Peredo et al, 2010), as in the case of Columbus variety. On the contrary, their distance from H. Magnum was relevant, and therefore, these relationships were further evaluated through phytochemical evaluations.…”

Methods for verifying the authenticity of hops - an effective tool against falsification

“…Standardně se však využívají přímo v reakcích jednoduchých sekvenčních repetic (SSR). Proto byly a jsou SSR markery nejpoužívanější pro genotypování a studium molekulární variability u chmele (Jakše et al, 2001;2002;Čerenak et al, 2004;Hadonou et al, 2004;Murakami et al, 2006a;Bassil et al, 2008;Štajner et al, 2005;Peredo et al, 2010;Patzak et al, 2010a;Horreo et al, 2014;Karlsson Strese et al, 2014;Mongelli et al, 2015;Korbecka-Glinka et al, 2016). Většina SSR markerů se nachází v nekódujících oblastech genomu.…”

An Inventory of Crop Wild Relatives of the United States

“…For taxa with uses both as CWRs and WUS, use as a genetic resource was prioritized over direct uses. Additional data on occurrence and weed status was gathered from the (Hummer et al, 2011) and hops (Humulus L.) (Peredo et al, 2010). Finally, approximately 4000 plant species have been introduced to the region since the Colombian Exchange (Guo et al, 2009), including weedy relatives of crop plants.…”