The influence of enclosing structures of walls on the energy efficiency of a wooden building (on the example of the international project KO 1089 “Green Arctic Building”)

Abstract

As part of the implementation of the international project “Green Construction in the Arctic” (KO 1089 - GrAB) of the Kolarctic 2014-2020 cross-border cooperation program, it is planned to construct experimental buildings (“model objects”). To implement the measures included in the GrAB project, it is planned to build two identical buildings on the territory of Murmansk and Petrozavodsk. The buildings are designed for research in the field of “green” technologies and energy-efficient construction, as well as approbation of research results. Objects in Murmansk and Petrozavodsk should be identical in external architectural appearance, design solutions and materials used, which will allow us to study the effectiveness of the use of the same building materials and structures in different climatic conditions. The model object is a one-story wooden house, its size in the plan is 13x6 m. It is envisaged to use modern technologies of wooden housing construction and equipping the house with energy-efficient engineering equipment, as well as a special temperature and humidity monitoring system for research. The facility is intended for conducting research in the field of green building technologies, testing new technologies and evaluating the effectiveness of their work in the Far North (Murmansk) and adjacent territories (Petrozavodsk). Purpose of work: a comprehensive assessment of the influence of the structure of the walls of a wooden house on its energy supply.

Factors influencing the rating of low-rise wooden houses as “green” buildings

“…A working hypothesis has been formulated about the degree of influence of each element of the building, as a system, on the energy efficiency class [11].…”

“…The calculated characteristics of materials are presented in Table 2. The thickness of the insulation is chosen by calculation to ensure the energy efficiency class of the entire building -A + (very high) for the coldest climate [11]. The buildings in Murmansk and Petrozavodsk have the same orientation relative to the cardinal directions (a solid wall without windows is oriented to the North).…”

Monitoring of thermophysical properties of wooden buildings envelopes in climatic conditions of Murmansk and Petrozavodsk

“…The thickness of the thermal insulation layers was selected according to the climatic conditions of Murmansk. As a result of the choice a general energy efficiency class for the entire building was achieved -A (very high) for both regions [11]. Due to the fact that the model objects will be experimental sites for various studies, including those related to the processes of heat transfer in the building envelopes, thermal protection of low-rise wooden buildings, the primary research task after the completion of construction is to assess their performance of the thermal protection function.…”

“…An integrated approach to solving the tasks of the first stage provides an opportunity to assess the comparability of the results obtained by different methods. The data obtained as a result of the planned research of the stage under consideration will be used to implement further research tasks, which include the following: -Comparison of the actual parameters of the enclosing structures with the design, analytical values (comparison of the design model and the results of field studies of wall structures in terms of thermal characteristics); -Comparison of heat engineering characteristics of enclosing structures, implemented in different solutions, during the operation in different climatic regions; -Simulation of the process of heat transfer through building envelope structures; -Assessment of the influence of the state of structural and heat-insulating materials of fences during operation on the heat-shielding properties of enclosing structures; -Assessment of the influence of the actual parameters of the enclosing structures on the energy efficiency class of the building (evaluation of experimental data regarding the influence of the enclosing structures on the energy efficiency class of the building within the framework of the previously formulated hypothesis [11]); -Theoretical and experimental study of the heat-shielding characteristics of wooden lowrise buildings in the conditions of the northern territories.…”

“…The greatest attention in the study is paid to the enclosing structures of the walls. The main purpose of the study is to assess the heat-shielding characteristics of the building envelope, taking into account the given design solutions and real operating conditions [10][11].…”