The Influence of Elevated CO2 Concentration on the Fitness Traits of Frankliniella occidentalis and Frankliniella intonsa (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

Abstract

Development and fecundity were investigated in an invasive alien thrips species, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), and a related native species, Frankliniella intonsa (Trybom), under high CO2 concentration. Results show that the two thrips species reacted differently toward elevated CO2 concentration. Developmental duration decreased significantly (11.93%) in F. occidentalis at the CO2 concentration of 800 µl/liter; survival rate of all stages also significantly increased (e.g., survival rate of first instar increased 17.80%), adult longevity of both female and male extended (e.g., female increased 2.02 d on average), and both fecundity and daily eggs laid per female were higher at a CO2 concentration of 800 µl/liter than at 400 µl/liter. Developmental duration of F. intonsa decreased, insignificantly, at a CO2 concentration of 800 µl/liter. Unlike F. occidentalis, survival rate of F. intonsa declined considerably at higher CO2 concentration level (e.g., survival rate of first instar decreased 19.70%), adult longevity of both female and male curtailed (e.g., female reduced 3.82 d on average), and both fecundity and daily eggs laid per female were reduced to 24.86 and 0.83, respectively, indicating that there exist significant differences between the two CO2 levels. Results suggest that the population fitness of invasive thrips species might be enhanced with increase in CO2 concentration, and accordingly change the local thrips population composition with their invasion.

Responses ofThrips hawaiiensisandThrips flavuspopulations to elevated CO2 concentrations

“…In our study, the developmental time from egg to adult was significantly longer and the survival rate and fecundity significantly lower for T. hawaiiensis and T. flavus under elevated CO 2 concentrations compared with ambient CO 2 concentrations. Similar patterns have been observed for Frankliniella intonsa Trybom (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), T. hawaiiensis , and other native thrips species under the same elevated concentration of CO 2 used in our study (Qian et al 2017, He et al 2017, Cao et al 2021). Furthermore, although the development of T. hawaiiensis was slower than that of T. flavus , the survival rate and fecundity of T. hawaiiensis were significantly higher than that of T. flavus under both CO 2 levels, indicating that populations of T. hawaiiensis might be larger than populations of T. flavus.…”

“…Such a substantial increase in CO 2 levels is likely to affect the biology of living organisms, including insect herbivores, and even agricultural ecosystems (Ainsworth et al 2007, Guerenstein and Hildebrand 2008, Couture and Lindroth 2012). The invasive species Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) might benefit from increases in CO 2 concentrations, and this might affect the composition of local thrips populations (He et al 2017, Qian et al 2017, Cao et al 2021). However, no studies have evaluated the effects of elevated CO 2 concentrations on native thrips species that coexist on particular host plants.…”

Effects of Elevated CO2 Concentration on Host Adaptability and Chlorantraniliprole Susceptibility in Spodoptera frugiperda

“…Insect's growth, fecundity, occurrence, and population distribution could change with environmental stress as a result of metabolic rate fluctuation [4]. Elevated atmospheric CO 2 concentration may have effects on insects directly or indirectly [3].…”

“…A number of hematophagous arthropods respond directly to the level of CO 2 during host seeking and oviposition [2,3]. Research on Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) and Frankliniella intonsa (Trybom) have shown that elevated CO 2 concentration (800 µL/L, eCO 2 ) decreases development duration and increases the fecundity and daily eggs laid per female [4], implying more severe damage in the future. Nevertheless, most studies have focused only on the direct effects of eCO 2 on insects.…”

Molecular Evidence for the Fitness of Cotton Aphid, Aphis gossypii in Response to Elevated CO2 From the Perspective of Feeding Behavior Analysis

“…Currently, the global atmospheric CO 2 concentration continues to rise, standing now at 400 ppm and possibly reaching 800 ppm by the end of this century ( Pachauri et al, 2014 ). As the main factor responsible for global warming, elevated CO 2 directly induces changes in plant growth, development, metabolism, and plant chemistry ( Dader et al, 2016 ; Jiang et al, 2016 ); meanwhile, insects are sensitive to these environmental variations, which cause changes in their behavior, growth, development, fertility, and the occurrence of populations as a result of metabolic rate fluctuation ( Sun et al, 2015 , 2017 ; He et al, 2017 ). With the elevated CO 2 condition, Oehme et al (2013) , in their study, observed that the concentrations of fructose and glucose in spring wheat showed a significant increase, whereas the total amino acid concentration was not altered.…”