The influence of electromagnetic field on the performance and operation of a PEM fuel cell stack subjected to a relatively low electromagnetic field intensity

Abdel‐Rehim, Ahmed A.

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2019.111906

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The magnetic fields can be generated externally (applied magnetic field) or internally (magnetic catalyst) to the cell. Generally, when an external magnetic field is applied to a PEMFC, the following effects have been experimentally documented: a modified mass transfer rate of 3 O 2 and H 2 gasses, an improved activation of these molecules [ 364 , 381 , 397 ] and an overall enhancement of the fuel cell performance [ 381 , 397 , 417 , 418 ] also at low temperature [ 418 ]. Similar effects are reported when the applied magnetic field is employed to magnetize the catalyst or the MEA of the PEM fuel cell.…”

Section: Basics Of Fuel Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Magnetism in Catalysis: From Theory to PEMFC Applications of 3d Metal Pt-Based Alloys

Biz

Gracia²,

Fianchini³

2022

IJMS

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The relationship between magnetism and catalysis has been an important topic since the mid-20th century. At present time, the scientific community is well aware that a full comprehension of this relationship is required to face modern challenges, such as the need for clean energy technology. The successful use of (para-)magnetic materials has already been corroborated in catalytic processes, such as hydrogenation, Fenton reaction and ammonia synthesis. These catalysts typically contain transition metals from the first to the third row and are affected by the presence of an external magnetic field. Nowadays, it appears that the most promising approach to reach the goal of a more sustainable future is via ferromagnetic conducting catalysts containing open-shell metals (i.e., Fe, Co and Ni) with extra stabilization coming from the presence of an external magnetic field. However, understanding how intrinsic and extrinsic magnetic features are related to catalysis is still a complex task, especially when catalytic performances are improved by these magnetic phenomena. In the present review, we introduce the relationship between magnetism and catalysis and outline its importance in the production of clean energy, by describing the representative case of 3d metal Pt-based alloys, which are extensively investigated and exploited in PEM fuel cells.

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Section: Basics Of Fuel Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Magnetism in Catalysis: From Theory to PEMFC Applications of 3d Metal Pt-Based Alloys

Biz

Gracia²,

Fianchini³

2022

IJMS

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“…Another effective method is to use alternating‐current solenoids to generate alternating current magnetic field (Figure 11c) [ 36,204 ] or enclose the battery in the center of an electromagnetic coil, and the magnetic field coil set‐up and the schematic diagram of magnetic field lines are shown in Figure 11d,e, respectively. [ 205 ] This experimental setup mode can generate a magnetic field with low level strength at almost no cost, and apply the magnetic field force without a particular position or orientation. This alternating magnetic field can enhance the disturbance of charged substances in the electrolyte of the battery, which is beneficial to enhance the process of mass and charge transfer.…”

Section: Magnetic Field Constructions In Metal–air Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 209,210 ] Another effect on increasing the rate of mass transfer is related to the reduction of the diffusion layer thickness at the electrode surface, which is caused by the tangential fluid velocity induced by magnetic field. [ 205 ]…”

Section: Magnetic Field Applications In Metal‐air Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetoelectric Coupling for Metal–Air Batteries

Wang

Zuo

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

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Metal–air batteries have become one of the new potential sources of electrochemical energy due to the excellent electrochemical characteristics, environmental friendliness and cheap cost. Whereas, the commercialization of the metal–air batteries is still subject to the sluggish kinetics on air electrode and hydrogen evolution corrosion as well as dendrite growth of metal anode. Recently, the applied magnetic field, as a technology for transferring energy across physical space, receives more attention, can improve the performance of metal–air batteries by promoting mass transfer, accelerating charge transfer and enhancing electrocatalytic ability based on magnetohydrodynamic effect, Kelvin force effect, Hall effect, Spin selectivity effect, Maxwell stress effect and Magnetothermal effect. This review provides the recent progress in the research on the relative mechanism and characteristic of the magnetic field in the metal–air batteries.

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“…A stack of PEM fuel cells used in the process is fueled from a methanol-reformer by hydrogen-rich air. The limitation of stack waste heat is caused by the low operating temperature of the PEM fuel cell [65,66]. With the purpose of effectively recovering the low-temperature heat, as stated later, a new cooling system was integrated into the fuel cell system.…”

Section: Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (Pemfcs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

New Perspectives on Fuel Cell Technology: A Brief Review

et al. 2020

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Energy storage and conversion is a very important link between the steps of energy production and energy consumption. Traditional fossil fuels are a natural and unsustainable energy storage medium with limited reserves and notorious pollution problems, therefore demanding a better choice to store and utilize the green and renewable energies in the future. Energy and environmental problems require a clean and efficient way of using the fuels. Fuel cell functions to efficiently convert oxidant and chemical energy accumulated in the fuel directly into DC electric, with the by-products of heat and water. Fuel cells, which are known as effective electrochemical converters, and electricity generation technology has gained attention due to the need for clean energy, the limitation of fossil fuel resources and the capability of a fuel cell to generate electricity without involving any moving mechanical part. The fuel cell technologies that received high interest for commercialization are polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), and direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). The optimum efficiency for the fuel cell is not bound by the principle of Carnot cycle compared to other traditional power machines that are generally based on thermal cycles such as gas turbines, steam turbines and internal combustion engines. However, the fuel cell applications have been restrained by the high cost needed to commercialize them. Researchers currently focus on the discovery of different materials and manufacturing methods to enhance fuel cell performance and simplify components of fuel cells. Fuel cell systems’ designs are utilized to reduce the costs of the membrane and improve cell efficiency, durability and reliability, allowing them to compete with the traditional combustion engine. In this review, we primarily analyze recent developments in fuel cells technologies and up-to-date modeling for PEMFCs, SOFCs and DMFCs.

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The influence of electromagnetic field on the performance and operation of a PEM fuel cell stack subjected to a relatively low electromagnetic field intensity

Cited by 18 publications

References 22 publications

Review on Magnetism in Catalysis: From Theory to PEMFC Applications of 3d Metal Pt-Based Alloys

Review on Magnetism in Catalysis: From Theory to PEMFC Applications of 3d Metal Pt-Based Alloys

Magnetoelectric Coupling for Metal–Air Batteries

New Perspectives on Fuel Cell Technology: A Brief Review

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