The Influence of Early Nutrition on the Serum Cholesterol of the Adult Rat

Kris-Etherton, P. M.; Layman, Donald K.; York, Pamela Vanzyl; Frantz, Ivan D.

doi:10.1093/jn/109.7.1244

Cited by 41 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…These experiments with rats and ours with baboons support the hypothesis that breast feeding compared to formula feeding produces differences in cholesterol metabolism later in life. However, an effect on cholesterol homeostasis later in life by early cholesterol feeding as proposed by Reiser 17 and Fomon 18 was not observed by KrisEtherton et al 2 in rats nor in the present experiment in baboons. Differences in serum cholesterol concentrations among adult humans who were breastor formula-fed as infants are small and not consistent, although those studies in humans frequently were confounded by genetic and dietary effects (reviewed by Wissler et al…”

Section: Deferred Effects Of Infant Diet Regimencontrasting

confidence: 62%

“…The data of Kris-Etherton et al 2 from rats suggest that breast feeding had a deferred effect on cholesterol metabolism. The serum cholesterol concentration of rats previously breast fed was not elevated by a dietary cholesterol challenge 1 month after the infant period, but the serum cholesterol concentration of animals fed formula in the infant period, with or without cholesterol, was increased by dietary cholesterol after the infant period.…”

Section: Deferred Effects Of Infant Diet Regimenmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…1 Most manipulations of infant cholesterol intake did not affect serum cholesterol concentrations at later ages in experimental animals or in humans. However, breast feeding, as compared to formula feeding, produced delayed differences in the serum cholesterol concentration in rats, 2 in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations in baboons, 3 and in serum cholesterol or HDL-C in humans. 1 Neither the deferred effects of infant diets nor the immediate effects of dietary cho-proximately 2, 30, or 60 mg/dl cholesterol (0.03 mg/Kcal, 0.44 mg/Kcal, 0.87 mg/Kcal, respectively), P/S = 1.0 and -4 8 % of calories from fat.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cholesterol metabolism in juvenile baboons. Influence of infant and juvenile diets.

Mott¹,

Jackson²,

McMahan³

et al. 1985

Arteriosclerosis

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The deferred effects of infant diets and the effects of juvenile diets on cholesterol metabolism were estimated in 83 baboons (Papio sp.) at 3.5 years of age. As infants, the animals were breast-fed or fed one of three formulas containing approximately 2, 30, or 60 mg/dl cholesterol. After weaning at 14 weeks of age, the animals were fed one of four juvenile diets high or low in cholesterol with saturated (P/S = 0.37) or unsaturated (P/S = 2.1) fats. Cholesterol absorption and cholesterol turnover were measured by fecal isotopic methods, and variables of cholesterol metabolism were estimated from a two-pool model. T he potential effects of infant diets on cholesterol homeostasis later in life have been the basis for a number of studies.1 Most manipulations of infant cholesterol intake did not affect serum cholesterol concentrations at later ages in experimental animals or in humans. However, breast feeding, as compared to formula feeding, produced delayed differences in the serum cholesterol concentration in rats, 2 in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations in baboons, 3 and in serum cholesterol or HDL-C in humans.1 Neither the deferred effects of infant diets nor the immediate effects of dietary cho- Received August 1,1984; revision accepted February 22,1985. lesterol and type of fat on serum cholesterol and lipoprotein concentrations have been clearly explained in metabolic terms. This report describes the effects of prior infant diet, and of juvenile dietary cholesterol and type of fat, on variables of cholesterol metabolism in juvenile baboons and relates these metabolic variables to the serum lipid responses to diet described previously.

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Section: Deferred Effects Of Infant Diet Regimencontrasting

confidence: 62%

Section: Deferred Effects Of Infant Diet Regimenmentioning

confidence: 93%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cholesterol metabolism in juvenile baboons. Influence of infant and juvenile diets.

Mott¹,

Jackson²,

McMahan³

et al. 1985

Arteriosclerosis

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“…No such data are available for rats. It has been suggested [9,10] that high, early cholesterol intakes by rats reduced the serum cholesterol response to cholesterol feeding in later life, but other workers did not provide evidence for such an effect (11)(12)(13). The present study was undertaken to see whether in rats early feeding of a diet containing cholestyramine or cholesterol and cholate affects the later response to the intake of cholesterol plus cholate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Treatment of young rats with cholestyramine or a hypercholesterolemic diet does not influence the response of serum cholesterol to dietary cholesterol in later life

1985

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SummaryGroups of 10 female Wistar rats (aged 4 weeks) were fed for 29 days either a low-cholesterol commercial diet, a commercial diet containing 2% (w/w) cholesterol, 0.5% cholate and 5% olive oil or a diet containing 2% cholestyramine. The rats were then fed the low-cholesterol commercial diet for the next 91 days and the highcholesterol diet for another 29 days. There was no significant difference between the groups in the increase of cholesterol in serum and liver during the last period of cholesterol feeding. A fourth group of 10 animals was fed the diet containing cholesterol and cholate during the entire experimental period of 149 days. By the end of the experiment serum cholesterol in these animals was lower and liver cholesterol was higher than in the 3 groups fed the high-cholesterol diet during days 120-149 of the experiment.This study does not present evidence for imprinting effects of early diet manipulation on the later cholesterolemic response to a high cholesterol diet.

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“…Early exposure to dietary cholesterol appeared to "protect" against diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in adulthood, because adult male offspring exhibited an inverse relationship between serum cholesterol concentrations and the cholesterol content of their mothers' milk. Results from studies in a variety of species produced conflicting results; other rat studies supported 5 or refuted 6 the hypothesis, studies in pigs supported the hypothesis, 7 and studies in baboons 8,9 and guinea pigs 10 did not support the hypothesis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of Early Cholesterol Intake on Cholesterol Biosynthesis and Plasma Lipids Among Infants Until 18 Months of Age

et al. 2005

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Background. The endogenous cholesterol fractional synthesis rate (FSR) is related inversely to infant dietary cholesterol at 4 months of age; however, it remains to be established whether this effect is permanent, possibly contributing to later hypercholesterolemia. Objective. To determine whether levels of dietary cholesterol in infancy induced changes in FSR and plasma lipid levels that persisted at 18 months. Methods. A prospective clinical trial was conducted with 47 infants, from their first week of life until 18 months of age, who received human milk (HM) until weaned (n = 15) or were randomized to receive modified cow's milk formula (MCF) with added cholesterol (n = 15) or cow's milk formula (CF) (n = 17) for 12 months. Cholesterol contents of HM, MCF, and CF were 120, 80, and 40 mg/L, respectively. FSR and plasma lipid levels were measured at 4 and 18 months. Results. At 4 months, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were higher for infants fed HM and MCF, compared with CF. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were higher in the MCF group than in the HM and CF groups. FSR in the HM group (0.034 ± 0.005 pools per day) was lower than that in the CF group (0.052 ± 0.005 pools per day). There was no difference between the HM and MCF (0.047 ± 0.005 pools per day) groups or between the MCF and CF groups. At 18 months, there were no differences in FSRs or plasma lipid profiles between the groups. Conclusion. Although cholesterol intake before weaning affects FSRs and plasma lipid profiles at 4 months, these differences do not persist after weaning to an unrestricted diet at 18 months. This provides additional evidence that there is no imprinting of FSR in infancy with differing dietary levels of cholesterol.

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The Influence of Early Nutrition on the Serum Cholesterol of the Adult Rat

Cited by 41 publications

References 30 publications

Cholesterol metabolism in juvenile baboons. Influence of infant and juvenile diets.

Cholesterol metabolism in juvenile baboons. Influence of infant and juvenile diets.

Treatment of young rats with cholestyramine or a hypercholesterolemic diet does not influence the response of serum cholesterol to dietary cholesterol in later life

Effects of Early Cholesterol Intake on Cholesterol Biosynthesis and Plasma Lipids Among Infants Until 18 Months of Age

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