The influence of duration on pain stress, oxidative stress, and total antioxidant power status in female dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy

Abstract

<jats:p>Background and Aim: Ovariohysterectomy (OHE) is a common procedure for sterilization of female dogs. However, knowledge of changes in pain stress, oxidative stress, and total antioxidant power status before, during, and after OHE is limited. The objective of this experiment was to study the effect of duration on pain stress, oxidative stress, and total antioxidant power status in female dogs undergoing OHE. Materials and Methods: Seven female dogs were sterilized using the OHE method. Pain scores, hematological changes, and biochemical markers were investigated during pre-operative, 3 h after starting OHE, and on days 3, 7, 10, and 14 of an experimental period. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance. Results: At 3 days after OHE, pain score was higher than on days 7-14 of the experimental period; percentage of neutrophil, 3 h after starting OHE, was higher than during pre-operative and on days 3-14 of the experimental period; percentage of lymphocyte on days 10-14 was lower than during pre-operative, 3 h after starting OHE, and on days 3-7 of the experimental period; neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, 3 h after starting OHE, was higher than during pre-operative and on days 3-14 of the experimental period; plasma malondialdehyde on day 3 was higher than during pre-operative, 3 h after starting OHE, and on days 3-14 of the experimental period; and total antioxidant power on day 14 was higher than during pre-operative, 3 h after starting OHE, and on days 3-10 of the experimental period, respectively. Conclusion: This experiment indicated that OHE caused pain stress, oxidative stress, and reduction of total antioxidant power in female dogs. Finally, female dogs needed antioxidant for 7 days after OHE.</jats:p>

The Effects of Melatonin Treatment on Oxidative Stress Induced by Ovariohysterectomy in Dogs

“…Similar results were reported by Quarterone et al (2017), who compared ovariohysterectomized and ovariectomized dogs and rats regarding postoperative analgesia (Quarterone et al, 2017). Sakundech et al (2020) also concluded that due to the oxidative stress caused by OHE, the ovariohysterectomized dogs should receive some treatment that can protect their bodies from free radicals [2,22].…”

“…Several studies have reported an increase in the oxidative stress biomarkers after OHE [2,23]. Therefore, the researchers should nd a way that minimizes the harmful effects of free radicals.…”

“…Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause damage to macromolecules (lipids and proteins), lead to cell damage, and decrease ROS scavenging mechanisms, resulting in oxidative stress [1,2]. There are several markers that can be used to investigate the changes in the oxidative status.…”

“…These markers are substances that are formed as a result of the reaction between ROS and biomolecules. One of these substances produced through the above reaction is malondialdehyde (MDA), which is a useful indicator of lipid peroxidation [2][3][4]. Another oxidative stress indicator is catalase (CAT), which catalyzes hydrogen peroxide detoxi cation [2,5].…”

“…One of these substances produced through the above reaction is malondialdehyde (MDA), which is a useful indicator of lipid peroxidation [2][3][4]. Another oxidative stress indicator is catalase (CAT), which catalyzes hydrogen peroxide detoxi cation [2,5]. Glutathione is a non-enzymatic antioxidant that is involved in vitamin metabolism and plays a key role in cell membrane protection [3,6].…”