The influence of distance on movement of tabanids (Diptera: Tabanidae) between horses

Barros, Antônio Thadeu Medeiros de; Foil, Lane D.

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.09.041

Cited by 56 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Baroos and Foil mentioned that the Tabanidae activity radius may extend only up to 25 m from infected cattle (Barros and Foil, 2007), so making long-distance transmission unlikely.…”

Section: Pathway A2 -Risk Of Introduction From Active Movement Of Vementioning

confidence: 99%

Lumpy skin disease: scientific and technical assistance on control and surveillance activities

Calistri¹,

DeClercq²,

Vleeschauwer³

et al. 2018

EFS2

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The duration of the vaccination campaign sufficient to eliminate lumpy skin disease (LSD) mainly depends on the vaccination effectiveness and coverage achieved. By using a spread epidemiological model, assuming a vaccination effectiveness of 65%, with 50% and 90% coverage, 4 and 3 years campaigns, respectively, are needed to eliminate LSD. When vaccination effectiveness is 80% to 95%, 2 years of vaccination at coverage of 90% is sufficient to eliminate LSD virus (LSDV). For shorter campaigns, LSD is predicted to persist. When the infection is eliminated by vaccination, two pathways for disease recurrence are possible, (i) by new introduction from a neighbouring affected area, especially by introduction of infected animals, or, less likely (ii) the infection persisting either in the environment, in vectors or in wild animals. For planning surveillance, several elements should be considered: the objectives and related design prevalence, the epidemiological situation, the immunological status of the host population, the geographical area and the season, the type of surveillance (active or passive), the diagnostic methods including clinical detection (considered the most effective method for early detection of LSD), the target population, the sample size and frequency. According to the model, for early detecting new introductions of LSD, it may be needed to clinically check a large number of herds (e.g. 2–3,000 herds) monthly. Lower sample sizes can be considered, when a greater delay in detecting the virus is acceptable. Where vaccination is maintained, active surveillance for verifying the effectiveness of vaccination would be needed. Demonstrating disease absence can rely on serological surveillance, which should consider the test sensitivity, the design prevalence (estimated value: 3.5%), the onset and duration of serum antibodies. Important knowledge gaps on LSD are about within‐herd transmission, duration of protective immunity, role of vectors, diagnostic tests, farm location and type in the at‐risk countries and the epidemiological status of neighbouring countries.

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“…Baroos and Foil mentioned that the Tabanidae activity radius may extend only up to 25 m from infected cattle (Barros and Foil, 2007), so making long-distance transmission unlikely.…”

Section: Pathway A2 -Risk Of Introduction From Active Movement Of Vementioning

confidence: 99%

Lumpy skin disease: scientific and technical assistance on control and surveillance activities

Calistri¹,

DeClercq²,

Vleeschauwer³

et al. 2018

EFS2

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“…Hawkins et al (1973) demonstraram com facilidade a transmissão da doença por tabanídeo a partir de pôneis com infecção aguda, o que não foi observado a partir dos pôneis com infecção crônica e temperatura retal normal durante a exposição ao inseto. Barros & Foil (2007) observaram o comportamento dos tabanídeos durante o repasto e reiteraram que a distância de 200 metros associada ao uso de barreiras físicas reduz a transmissão da AIE por meio desses vetores. Na transmissão iatrogênica o homem assume papel importante na epidemiologia da doença devido ao uso de agulhas, instrumentos cirúrgicos e utensílios contaminados, como freios e esporas (Coetzer et al 1994), podendo disseminar a doença dentro de um mesmo rebanho ou até mesmo para outras propriedades devido às práticas inadequadas de higiene e manejo.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Situação epidemiológica da anemia infecciosa equina em equídeos de tração do Distrito Federal

et al. 2017

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RESUMO.-A anemia infecciosa equina (AIE) é uma doença causada por um lentivirus que possui distribuição mundial. Essa enfermidade é um entrave ao desenvolvimento da equinocultura no Brasil devido à obrigatoriedade de eutanásia dos animais positivos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estimar a prevalência de AIE em equídeos de tração no Distrito Federal, assim como identificar fatores de risco associados à doença. Foram sorteados aleatoriamente 350 proprietários (Unidades Primárias de Amostragem-UPA) e foram amostrados todos os equídeos (Unidades secundá-rias de Amostragem) de cada proprietário sorteado, totalizando 496 animais. As amostras sanguíneas foram analisadas no Lanagro/MG por meio da técnica de imunodifusão em ágar gel (IDGA). No momento da coleta de sangue, também foi aplicado um questionário epidemiológico para a análise de possíveis fatores de risco. A prevalência de AIE nas UPA foi estimada em 2,29%, (IC 95%: 1,01-4,2%) e nos animais foi de 1,81% (IC 95%: 0,55-3,07%). A prevalência foi significativamente maior em muares do que em equinos. Não foi possível comprovar a presença de nenhum outro fator de risco associado à doença. Este estudo demonstra que a prevalência da AIE em equídeos de tração é baixa no Distrito Federal, porém mais alta do que os dados de vigilância de rotina sugerem, o que justifica a eutanásia dos equíde-os reagentes, com a finalidade de promover a erradicação

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“…It is pertinent to mention here that all these infected animals were housed in open paddocks. The tabanids are reported to visit and feed on horses within 5-50 m range (Barros and Foil 2007), it is assumed that this infection might have also spread from the infected animal (H-238) which died just before an outbreak and animal (F-218) showing very high antibody titre at the time of initial screening by the tabanids prevalent at farm during monsoon season (Fig. 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early detection of Trypanosoma evansi infection and monitoring of antibody levels by ELISA following treatment

et al. 2012

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In present communication, we report an outbreak of Trypanosoma evansi in equine herd n = 30 (horse and mules) which, were reared in fly proof stables as well as in open paddock maintained under semi-intensive system of management, and its effective control using trypanocidal drug. The infection was monitored by antibody ELISA up to 180 days post-treatment (PT). A total of 8 out of 14 equines (57.14 %) which were maintained only in open paddocks were found positive with T. evansi infection parasitologically. The infected animals were treated with quinapyramine methyl sulphate and chloride combination administered at the prescribed dose rate on 3rd day of screening. The parasite could not be detected from any treated animals from day-3 PT up to 6 month. Further, we also could not observe relapse of infection, neither in treated group nor in equine herd maintained at the farm. Sero-conversion was observed in all eight animals by 10th day of screening, indicating that immune response was due to recent infection as the animals became chronologically positive. The antibody titre reached at the peak by 10-14th day in all infected animals, and started declining by 17th day of screening, further reached to near cut off level by 180 days. Since, antibodies persisted up to 6 month PT and antibody detection assays are not able to differentiate between current and past infections in treated cases. The detection of circulating antigen assay and parasitological techniques in combination may be performed for effective diagnosis and management of T. evansi infection.

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The influence of distance on movement of tabanids (Diptera: Tabanidae) between horses

Cited by 56 publications

References 8 publications

Lumpy skin disease: scientific and technical assistance on control and surveillance activities

Lumpy skin disease: scientific and technical assistance on control and surveillance activities

Situação epidemiológica da anemia infecciosa equina em equídeos de tração do Distrito Federal

Early detection of Trypanosoma evansi infection and monitoring of antibody levels by ELISA following treatment

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