The influence of directed attention at encoding on source memory retrieval in the young and old: An ERP study

Aging Affects the Interaction between Attentional Control and Source Memory: An fMRI Study

“…At test, consistent with ERP findings in young (Kuo & Van Petten, 2006) and older adults (Dulas & Duarte, 2013), we predicted our direction of attention manipulation would reduce recruitment of postretrieval monitoring processes thought to be mediated by right lateral DLPFC and VLPFC (Dulas & Duarte, 2012;Donaldson, Wheeler, & Petersen, 2010;Rugg et al, 2003;Henson et al, 1999). This would reflect a reduced need for strategic retrieval processes, likely because of the stronger object-color associations bound in memory via attention.…”

“…Critically, we also included a "Donʼt Know" response option for both questions to reduce dilution of source memory accuracy estimates and fMRI effects via guessing, as has been implemented in prior studies Dulas, Newsome, & Duarte, 2011;Gottlieb, Uncapher, & Rugg, 2010;Duarte, Henson, Knight, Emery, & Graham, 2009;Duarte, Henson, & Graham, 2008;Morcom, Li, & Rugg, 2007;Smith, Dolan, & Rugg, 2004). In addition, we attempted to match performance between age groups by halving the memory load for older adults, as we have successfully done in a previous study (Dulas & Duarte, 2013). Previous evidence suggests large performance differences between young and older adults may confound age-related neural effects with performance-related neural effects and compromise the interpretation of age-related differences in neural activity (reviewed in Rugg & Morcom, 2005).…”

“…Source memory accuracy should be greater following directed attention toward object-color associations (Association-directed trials) than for Item-directed trials for both young and older adults. However, we predicted that age-related differences in source memory accuracy may persist, as evidence suggests supporting encoding may be insufficient to completely ameliorate age-related source memory deficits (Dulas & Duarte, 2013;NavehBenjamin et al, 2007).…”

“…Evidence from ERP literature has suggested that direction of attention at encoding may reduce the need for these PFCmediated strategic retrieval processes at test in young adults (Kuo & Van Petten, 2006) and similarly in older adults (Dulas & Duarte, 2013). In these studies, directing attention to the color of an object improved subsequent object-color memory and reduced late-right frontal ERP effects, thought to represent postretrieval monitoring processes, which may involve evaluating the products of retrieval, resolving interference, as well as initiating additional retrieval searches.…”

Perspective taking in auditor–manager interactions: An experimental investigation of auditor behavior

“…Prior findings suggest that focusing attention on a specific item serves as a selection mechanism for the importance of the item: it increases the accessibility of knowledge in working memory that is relevant to the item as compared to other items (Oberauer, 2002(Oberauer, , 2009Rerko & Oberauer, 2013). Focused attention increases the likelihood that an item will be efficiently transferred into working memory and leads to better encoding of stimuli (Dulas & Duarte, 2013;Smith & Sewell, 2013) and, thus, superior cognitive performance (Daneman & Carpenter, 1980). Research in education also provides evidence of an association between focused attention and improvements in cognitive performance (Hidi, 1995 comparing experiments with different degrees of role-switching, but we know of no such experiments.…”