The Influence of Different Bleaching Protocols on Dentinal Enzymatic Activity: An In Vitro Study

Mayer-Santos, Eric; Maravić, Tatjana; Comba, Allegra; Freitas, Patrícia Moreira de; Marinho, Giovanna Bueno; Mazzitelli, Claudia Alejandra; Mancuso, Edoardo; Scotti, Nicola; Florenzano, Federica; Breschi, Lorenzo; Mazzoni, Annalisa

doi:10.3390/molecules27051684

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The concentration of HP influences the amount of reactive oxygen species available to oxidize the organic structure of dental tissues [ 2 ], which in turn affects the effectiveness and speed of the whitening process. For at-home whitening protocols, a concentration of 10% CP is an equivalent of 3.5% HP [ 21 ]. The low concentration of active ingredient in the CP formulation means that a much longer treatment duration, up to 10 h per day [ 5 ], is required to achieve the desired whitening outcomes, as compared to higher concentrations of HP products.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment Durations and Whitening Outcomes of Different Tooth Whitening Systems

et al. 2023

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Background and Objectives: Tooth whitening is a relatively conservative and effective option to treat discolored teeth. However, questions remain whether in-office or at-home tooth whitening products with short treatment durations are as effective and stable as products with longer treatment durations. Materials and Methods: Forty human third molars with intact enamel surfaces were divided into four groups of ten each, subjected to discoloration challenges with coffee for 60 h, and they were treated with four professional tooth whitening systems: two for take-home use—6% hydrogen peroxide for 30 min/d for a total of 7 h in 14 days (HP6), 10% carbamide peroxide for 10 h/d for 140 h in 14 days (CP10), as well as two for in-office use—35% HP for 10 min × 3 (HP35) for a total of 30 min and 40% HP for 20 min × 3 (HP40) for a total of 60 min. Teeth colors were assessed in the CIE L*a*b* color space with a spectrophotometer immediately and six months after whitening treatments. Surface roughness (Sa) for the treated and untreated enamel surfaces of the teeth in all groups were evaluated with a three-dimensional laser scanning microscope after six months. Results: No significant differences were found between HP6 and CP10 groups immediately after whitening (∆E 10.6 ± 1.6 vs. 11.4 ± 1.7, p > 0.05) and at six months after treatments (∆E 9.0 ± 1.9 vs. 9.2 ± 2.5, p > 0.05), or between HP35 and HP40 groups immediately after whitening (∆E 5.9 ± 1.2 vs. 5.3 ± 1.7, p > 0.05) and at six months after treatments (∆E 7.2 ± 1.6 vs. 7.7 ± 1.3, p > 0.05). The two at-home whitening systems achieved significantly better whitening outcomes than the two in-office products immediately after whitening (p < 0.05). However, at six months after treatments, the differences between at-home and in-office treatments had narrowed significantly (p > 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences with respect to the Sa values between the treated and untreated surfaces (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Tooth whitening products in the same product category have similar whitening efficacies, despite significant differences in treatment durations (7 vs. 140 h, and 30 min vs. 60 min, respectively). Take-home products achieved better whitening outcomes than in-office products, but they needed 14 to 280 times longer treatment durations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment Durations and Whitening Outcomes of Different Tooth Whitening Systems

et al. 2023

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“…The potential advantages of laser activation of bleaching materials have not been widely embraced by the scientific community, even though numerous studies have been performed over many years [11,12,[44][45][46]. Acceleration of the bleaching procedure, shortening of the gel-tissue interaction time, and a more efficient and targeted production of ROS, along with reductions in side effects, are some of the possible benefits declared [1,47]. There is inconsistency of study findings which can be attributed to the diverse study designs, variations in whitening materials utilized, and the usage of differential activating lights [40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Viability of Laser-Activated Dental Bleaching Compared to Conventional In-Office Bleaching Methods: A Systematic Review of Clinical and In Vitro Studies

Anagnostaki,

Mylona,

Parker

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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Laser-activated tooth bleaching is discussed as a means to optimize results, while minimizing adverse side effects, but it lacks consensus in the scientific literature. Therefore, this systematic review aims to evaluate the protocols and outcomes of laser-activated vs. non-activated bleaching methods for safe and effective approaches. The PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar search engines, with the following MeSH terms and keywords: (bleaching OR whitening) AND laser AND (tooth OR dental OR enamel OR dentine), were used to identify human clinical trials and in vitro studies regarding laser-activated dental bleaching. After applying the keywords and additional filters, and inclusion and exclusion criteria, the final number of included articles was 19 clinical and 20 in vitro studies. Laser activation yielded no significant color improvement, but reduced gel contact time (10 min). Laser-activated bleaching required 24% less hydrogen peroxide (HP) concentration to achieve similar results. Additionally, there were no significant differences in terms of sensitivity and hard tissue alterations between the laser-activated and conventional groups. The benefits associated with laser-activated bleaching render it a compelling option. Nevertheless, a comprehensive evaluation of bleaching gels and activation protocols is imperative. Ultimately, this analysis provides clinical guidance pertaining to the facilitatory employment of laser irradiation.

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Effects of Professional Oral Hygiene and Teeth Whitening on the Microelement Composition of Enamel

Dvornyk,

Vodoriz,

Pysarenko

et al. 2023

Polski Merkuriusz Lekarski

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Aim: The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of professional teeth cleaning and the substances used in modern dentistry for whitening on the microelement composition of tooth enamel. Materials and Methods: To study the morphology and microelement composition of the enamel, scanning electron microscopy was performed using the MiraLM microscope equipped with a Schottky field emission electron gun from Tescan. Results: A comparative analysis between the areas subjected to mechanical cleaning and those where it was not applied revealed a significant difference in the research results, particularly in carbon, which changed from 25.16±1.04 to 32.02±1.8. An analysis of the enamel’s chemical composition before and after whitening revealed a decrease in carbon from 45.91±1.20 to 42.46±1.74. The change in phosphorus content was determined to be from 9.77±0.39 to 9.56±0.75. A decrease in calcium from 15.96±0.64 to 15.21±1.22 and magnesium from 0.07±0.01 to 0.01±0.01 was also observed. Conclusions: Professional dental hygiene does not have a direct impact on the microelement composition of enamel, such as the levels of calcium, phosphorus, fluoride, and other microelements. However, it can have an indirect and temporary influence due to the use of abrasive materials that affect dental deposits, pellicle, and the surface layer of enamel. Teeth whitening can affect the microelement composition of enamel, but these changes are mostly temporary and associated with processes of demineralization/ remineralization and oxygenation.

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The Influence of Different Bleaching Protocols on Dentinal Enzymatic Activity: An In Vitro Study

Cited by 3 publications

References 49 publications

Treatment Durations and Whitening Outcomes of Different Tooth Whitening Systems

Treatment Durations and Whitening Outcomes of Different Tooth Whitening Systems

Assessing the Viability of Laser-Activated Dental Bleaching Compared to Conventional In-Office Bleaching Methods: A Systematic Review of Clinical and In Vitro Studies

Effects of Professional Oral Hygiene and Teeth Whitening on the Microelement Composition of Enamel

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