The influence of different abutment materials on tissue regeneration after surgical treatment of peri-implantitis – a randomized controlled preclinical study

Bone loss around oral and orthopedic implants: An immunologically based condition

“…9,28 The inflammatory response may vary between patients, and a more severe inflammation that cause problems at the implants within the first year after implant surgery has been observed in some patients. 4,5,[11][12][13] Similar observations with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and increased mortality in patients between 30 and 50 years of age have been observed in patients with an early onset of osteoarthritis resulting in total hip or knee replacement. In other words, the risk pattern of early severe inflammation after implant surgery presented a distribution of a normal curve.…”

“…These patients may further present a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases and early mortality. 4,5,[11][12][13] Similar observations with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and increased mortality in patients between 30 and 50 years of age have been observed in patients with an early onset of osteoarthritis resulting in total hip or knee replacement. 14,15 The mortality ratio decreased with increasing age at the time of hip/knee surgery in these patients, similar to what was observed for edentulous patients provided with dental implants.…”

“…not the ligature itself [2][3][4] how. This study indicates that bacteria may be a secondary phenomenon whereas the primary reaction is an adverse immune reaction to the ligature itself.…”

Ligature-Induced Experimental Peri-Implantitis—A Systematic Review

“…Prior to its introduction in dental implant research in the early 1990s, the model had been used extensively in experimental periodontitis studies [23]. While it has been realized that ligature-induced peri-implantitis may not completely mimic the onset and progression of disease in humans [24], it is still generally regarded as a solely infectious model as evident from repeated claims that bone resorption results from exposition to biofilm, not the ligature per se [2,4,25]. The earliest studies on experimental peri-implantitis revealed that the infectious model of explanation was adopted from studies on native tissues (experimental periodontitis), rather than implanted material.…”

Aseptic Ligatures Induce Marginal Peri-Implant Bone Loss—An 8-Week Trial in Rabbits

“…Sub-marginal ligation has commonly resulted in significant bone loss after a few months, especially when the ligatures were replaced or added to in number every few weeks [17]. The ligature method aims to mimic infectious, clinical peri-implantitis and several authors have claimed that the utilized ligatures merely act as carriers of bacteria, without capacity to induce bone resorption by themselves [4,18,19]. In one of the very first ligature studies on implants, Lindhe et al referred to a study that used silk ligatures in the periodontal tissues (natural teeth not implants) of germ free and conventional rats from 1966 to support this claim; however, none of the rats in either group lost any bone in that study [20].…”