The Influence of Dietary Fats on Serum-Lipid Levels in Man

Ahrens, E. H.; Insull, William; Blomstrand, Rolf; Hirsch, Jules; Tsaltas, Theodore T.; Peterson, Malcolm L.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(57)91280-1

Cited by 696 publications

(178 citation statements)

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“…In the original human experiments on the effect of different fats and oils on plasma cholesterol (Ahrens et al, 1957;Malmros & Wigand, 1957;Keys et al, 1957;Hegsted et al, 1965;Vergroesen & De Boer, 1971) and others all found that oleic acid (18:1, o-9), the major monounsaturated fatty acid, had little or no plasma cholesterol-lowering effect compared with linoleic acid (18:2, o-6), the predominant dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid, which gave consistently lower plasma cholesterols. Keys et al (1958) expressed the effect of oleic acid as neutral, not different in its effect on plasma cholesterol from an equivalent amount of carbohydrate.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…All these researchers measured only total plasma cholesterol and they used olive oil to represent predominantly MUFA oils, namely oils rich in 18:1 cis (Ahrens et al, 1957;Malmros & Wigand, 1957;Hegsted et al, 1965;Vergroesen & De Boer, 1971;Keys et al, 1958). Olive oil was the obvious oil to choose.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Olive oil cannot explain the French paradox; the French nation only obtains 2% of dietary energy from this food (Ferro-Luzzi & Leclerq, 1997). Olive oil certainly gives lower plasma cholesterol than butter (Ahrens et al, 1957), even if newer MUFA oils and polyunsaturated oils can produce still lower cholesterols, and it is hypothesised that the polyphenols in virgin olive oil may act in vivo as protective antioxidants (Wiseman et al, 1996). Other MUFA oils have negligible amounts of these polyphenols (Colquhoun et al, 1996), although they usually contain more vitamin E than olive oil (Bauernfeind, 1980).…”

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Monounsaturated oils do not all have the same effect on plasma cholesterol

Choudhury

1998

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Evidence assembled here indicates that when olive oil forms a major part of dietary fat in controlled human experiments, total and LDL-cholesterols are somewhat higher than when the same amount of fat is one of the modern predominantly monounsaturated oils: low erucic rapeseed or high oleic sun¯ower oil. Oils rich in monounsaturated fatty acids thus do not all have the same effect on plasma cholesterol. This phenomenon is explicable by consideration of the content of other fatty acids and the non-saponi®able fractions of the different monounsaturated oils. It helps to explain the discrepancy that has existed between the classic experiments (using olive oil), which found monounsaturated oils`neutral', and some of the more recent experiments which found them more cholesterol-lowering than carbohydrates. Four published meta-analyses are reviewed. The three which included most of the published experiments show that monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) have less plasma cholesterol-lowering effect than polyunsaturated fatty acids.

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Monounsaturated oils do not all have the same effect on plasma cholesterol

Choudhury

1998

Eur J Clin Nutr

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“…We have conducted no experiments with women or children. There is no information in the literature which proves that cholesterol responses to the diet are identical in the 2 sexes but if they are not, they are similar, at least, to judge from the experimental data of Groen et al, 15 Ahrens et al,12 and Malmros and Wigand. "1 Surveys of both sexes in populations subsisting habitually on different diets also indicate that men and women are much alike in their cholesterol response to the diet.…”

Section: Pre Imrinary Eiredictioni From 41 Sets Of Datlmentioning

confidence: 96%

Serum Cholesterol in Man: Diet Fat and Intrinsic Responsiveness

1959

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Data obtained froni a nutaiber of dietary experiments in mtm yield a formuht by which the responlses in serumI cholesterol to changes in diet can be predicted. In this paiiel. the reliability of this foralula is tested and the effects of various types of fatty acids Onl seruill cholesterol are investigated.THE serum cholesterol concentration in mani is strongly influenced by both the amount aiid kind of fat in the diet and it is necessary to differentiate between at least 3 classes of fatty aci(ls, saturatedl, molloelloi(, and poly-eiioic. Furthermore, even on a fixed dliet there are intrinsic differences between individuals. Finally, intraindividual variability is substantial as shown by spontaneous day-to-day variations. All these factors complicate the evaluation of the effects of the diet aiid the prediction of serum cholesterol responses to given dietary changes. However, the present paper will show that the average cholesterol responses of groups of miiein to changes of fat in the diet can be satisfactorily, predicted from knowledge of the amounts of fat in the diet and that such prediction can be made even for groups of men who are relatively hypercholesteremic or hypocholesteremic. Pre imrinary eIredictioni from 41 Sets of DatlAs a first ap)roximation we proposed1 that the serum total cholesterol concentration be expressed as C/ol. = k + bS + cl/ + (diP (1) where k refers to all factors, other than the fats in the diet, that influence the cholesterol Front the Laboratory of Physiological 1ys gielee, University of M-inniesota, and the Hastinags State Hospital, Minn.

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“…Perhaps it might be appropriate to mention that certain results obtained by other workers might be similarly categorized. For example, from the elegant and rigidly controlled experiments by Ahrens and his colleagues in 1957 (Ahrens, Hirsch, Insull, Tsaltas, Blomstrand & Peterson, 1957) findings were reported on three subjects in whom the effect of hydrogenated maize oil or cottonseed oil had been tested. In two patients greater decreases in serum cholesterol were obtained with the unhydrogenated samples, but in the third one the hydrogenated oil was just as effective as the native oil.…”

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Nutrient interrelationships of the fatty acids

Beveridge

1964

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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The Influence of Dietary Fats on Serum-Lipid Levels in Man

Cited by 696 publications

References 24 publications

Monounsaturated oils do not all have the same effect on plasma cholesterol

Monounsaturated oils do not all have the same effect on plasma cholesterol

Serum Cholesterol in Man: Diet Fat and Intrinsic Responsiveness

Nutrient interrelationships of the fatty acids

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