The influence of diesel fuel composition on gaseous and particulate emissions

DI Diesel Engine Performance and Emissions from the Oxygen Enrichment of Fuels with Various Aromatic Content

“…These mandates have directed the interest of diesel engine manufactures and the scientific community toward the development of clean-burning diesel fuels. A promising technique to reduce gaseous and particulate emissions from diesel engines is to optimize fuel chemical composition and physical properties. , By this approach, significant improvements in the emission behavior not only of newly developed diesel engines but also of the existing vehicle fleet can be attained. The use of diesel fuels with suppressed aromatic content and the oxygenation of diesel fuels using oxygenated additives have been acknowledged as two efficient solutions for reducing mainly soot and particulate emissions. − …”

“…According to the literature, CO, HC, and aldehyde emissions depend on cetane number, NO x emissions are controlled by fuel density,and PAHs and smoke are directly related to the aromatic content . Prior studies have revealed that measured soot emissions from both direct and indirect injection diesel engines correlate well with the percentage of fuel-contained aromatics. − These investigations showed that the increase of aromatic content negatively affects the NO x and CO emissions, while they demonstrated an interrelation between diaromatic content and HC emissions. − A promising alternative to fuel reformulation with respect to reduction of diesel exhaust emissions is to increase the in-cylinder oxygen concentration.…”

“…Earlier studies have revealed a significant decrease of particulate emissions with increasing oxygen molar concentration inside the intake air. , However, this approach showed a considerable penalty in NO x emissions and failed to induct more oxygen in the fuel-rich areas of the jet to prevent formation of soot. On the other hand, it has been demonstrated that the use of methanol, ethanol, ethers, methylals, and carbonates as oxygenated fuel additives reduces considerable particulate and soot emissions. − ,− Studies in laminar-premixed flames have identified the profound influence of fuel-bounded oxygen on the reduction of the molar concentration of PAH species and soot . The decrease of exhaust smoke correlates quite well with increasing oxygen content and, according to some researchers, is not affected by changes in the additive type or blending ratio .…”

Experimental Study of Diesel Fuel Effects on Direct Injection (DI) Diesel Engine Performance and Pollutant Emissions

“…Global warming concerns in conjunction with recent high oil prices require drastic measures for the further reduction of brake-specific fuel consumption (bsfc) and pollutants emitted from stationary diesel engines and diesel vehicles. One promising technique for the reduction of gaseous and particulate emissions is the optimization of the chemical composition and the physical properties of conventional diesel fuels. , Using this technique, significant improvements can be achieved in the environmental behavior not only of new diesel engines but also of existing fleet of diesel vehicles.…”

“…According to the literature, ,,− diesel fuel physical and chemical properties affect in a different way each one of the diesel-emitted gaseous and particulate emissions. For example, it is reported that CO, HC, and aldehyde emissions depend upon cetane number, NO x emissions are mainly controlled by fuel density, whereas polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and soot are directly related with fuel aromatic content. , Diesel oil composition in single-, double-, and triple-bonded hydrocarbons as well as in aromatic rings directly affects its physical and chemical properties and thus formulates its tendency to form gaseous and particulate emissions when burned in diesel engines. ,,− ,,,,,− In general, there is an interrelation between the molecular structure (paraffins, olefins, napthenes, and aromatic hydrocarbons), the chemical properties (cetane number, ignition point, etc. ), and the physical properties (density, viscosity, surface tension, etc.)…”