“…The biofilm is composed of both health-associated and pathogenic microorganisms [2][3][4]. Dental plaque is a biofilm that forms over the teeth, gingiva, and mucosa and can be composed of bacteria, fungi, and algae [5,6]. Socransky et al elucidated that the bacteria in dental plaque form different complexes, of which the red complex bacteria consisting of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), Treponema denticola (T. denticola), and Tannerella forsythia (T. forsythia) along with the orange complex bacteria are considered to be the most putative periodontal pathogens [7].…”