The Influence of Culture on Pain in Anglo and Hispanic Children with Cancer

Pediatric procedural pain

“…[51][52][53][54] Interethnic differences may be a result of cultural learning on pain expressivity, pain coping, and monitoring for pain symptoms. Differences seen may vary, depending on the ethnicity of the examiner, the patient's ability to communicate in the same language as the examiner, and the patient's and family's degree of acculturation.…”

A Systematic Review of Cross-Cultural Comparison Studies of Child, Parent, and Health Professional Outcomes Associated With Pediatric Medical Procedures

“…The reasons for exclusion of these studies are given in Table 1. The remaining 15 studies, 4,13,36,39,41,42,45,52,55,63,65,66,75,77,83 all in English, met our inclusion criteria (see Table 2). …”

“…Self-reported pain intensity in response to procedures was examined in 5 studies 13, 39,42,63,65 in comparisons between Caucasian Americans and other local cultural groups (Hispanic/Latino and/or African American). The age range of the children was 3 to 12 years and the medical procedures included surgery, needles, spinal tap, or bone marrow aspiration.…”

Reliability and validity of the Modified Preverbal, Early Verbal Pediatric Pain Scale in emergency department pediatric patients

“…Finally, the majority of study subjects were white (95%), reflecting the racial make up of the geographic area. While there has been little research into race and ethnicity based differences in pediatric pain response, adult studies have identified differences in pain ratings based on race and ethnicity (Edwards and Fillingim, 1999;Faucett et al, 1994;Lewis et al, 1993;Lipton and Marbach, 1984;Pfefferbaum et al, 1990;Rosmus et al, 2000;Sheffield et al, 2000;Thomas and Rose, 1991;Williams, 1996;Zatzick and Dimsdale, 1990). For this reason, further investigation in a more diverse population is warranted.…”