The Influence of Contamination with Separate Mycotoxins (Aflatoxins, Ochratoxin A, Citrinin, Patulin, Penicillic Acid or Sterigmatocystin) on the in Vitro Dry Matter and Organic Matter Digestibilities of Some Roughages (Berseem Hay and Wheat Straw)

Abstract

In vitro study on berseem hay and wheat straw was undertaken to investigate the the effect of mycotoxin contamination on dry matter and organic matter digestibilities. The data revealed a negative effect of most studied mycotoxins on the materials digestibility. Among the investigated mycotoxins, penicillic acid with its two concentrations (5 and 10 nmol) was the most negative, affecting digestibilities of both feed materials. Wheat straw digestibility was more influenced than berseem hay by the ochratoxin A, citrinin and sterigmatocystin (besides the penicillic acid) particularly with their high level (10 nmol). Yet, some mycotoxins act as antibiotics which may affect only the harmful flora but encourage the rumen microflora resulting in slight improvement of digestibility. The rumen conditions were able to metabolize or deform the used levels of all mycotoxins studied. Thus, there were no detectable residues of these mycotoxins in the digestion media after the in vitro fermentation.

Aflatoxin B1 in Affecting Broiler’s Performance, Immunity, and Gastrointestinal Tract: A Review of History and Contemporary Issues

“…paratuberculosis had higher intestinal bacterial counts than did infected hamsters that had been treated with AFB 1 . These results are substantiated by the study of Abdelhamid et al who found that effects of AFB 1 on rumen fermentation may be like antibiotics: Affecting the harmful flora and encouraging the rumen microflora as noted by slight improvements regarding in vitro rumen fermentation of wheat straw and berseem ( Trifolium alexandrinum ) hay after dietary AFB 1 exposure [ 125 ]. In this regard, fermentation patterns of Saccharomyces cerevisiae , and several Lactobacillus spp.…”

Ochratoxin A in Ruminants–A Review on Its Degradation by Gut Microbes and Effects on Animals

“…However, other studies found no ( in vivo , [10]) or only slight indications ( in vitro , [121]) for a negative influence of OTA on digestibility. Using four toxin concentrations of 5.0, 20.0, 200 and 1,400 μg/L of incubation medium, a significant decrease of in vitro digestibility was found only at the highest concentration [122].…”

“…An influence on digestibility as stated in some studies [ 11 ] may be best explained to be a result of the diarrhea induced by the mycotoxin and not by significant direct negative effects on microbes. However, other studies found no ( in vivo , [ 10 ]) or only slight indications ( in vitro , [ 121 ]) for a negative influence of OTA on digestibility. Using four toxin concentrations of 5.0, 20.0, 200 and 1,400 μg/L of incubation medium, a significant decrease of in vitro digestibility was found only at the highest concentration [ 122 ].…”

Further Study on Toxicity of the Permissible (Very Low) Level of Ochratoxin A with and without Essential Oils on Rats

“…Food conversion ratio did not differ among treatments, being 3.24, 3.51, 3.51, 3.40, 3.91, and 3.57 for T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, and T6, respectively; yet, the best was T1 and the worst was T5. Abdelhamid et al (1992a) found that mycotoxin contamination, particularly with OTA, negatively affect nutrients digestibility. Moreover, Abdelhamid et al (2005) reported decreased body weight gain, food intake and conversion, and nutrients digestibility.…”