The Influence of Composition of Raw Materials on Formation of Phenolic Resin from Cashew Nut Shell Waste (CNSW)

Minh, Quang Tran; Huynh, Ngoc Minh; Nguyen, Vu Uyen Nhi; Nguyen, Ngoc T. H.; Kieu, Do Trung Kien; Pham, Trung Kien; Nguyen, Hoc Thang

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.394.103

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The most common commercial adsorbent for waste water treatment is activated carbon, however, it has the disadvantage of a high cost because of the production processes. 2 Activated carbon has been widely recommended as highly effective adsorbent in waste water treatment due to its large surface area, high degree of surface reactivity, and abundant availability of material. 3,4 It is applied in the pollutant absorption of both organic and inorganic compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methylene blue adsorption mechanism of activated carbon synthesised from cashew nut shells

Nguyen

Khang²,

Hai³

et al. 2021

RSC Adv.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methylene blue adsorption mechanism of activated carbon synthesised from cashew nut shells

Nguyen

Khang²,

Hai³

et al. 2021

RSC Adv.

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“…The formed carbon is not entirely reacted, demonstrating its existence as free carbon. The second group is characterized by peaks related to the Si-O-Si and Si-O groups at wavenumber positions 1280 and 460 cm −1 [21][22][23]. These peaks represent the SiO 2 component in the sample post-participation in the SiC formation reaction.…”

Section: Results and Discusstionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of temperature on the ability to synthesize SiC from rice husks

Kieu Do,

Nguyen,

Huynh

2024

Mater. Res. Express

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Agricultural production in Vietnam annually generates a substantial volume of by-products and waste, with rice husks constituting the predominant fraction. Due to their meager economic value, rice husks are typically deemed agricultural waste and are commonly disposed of through incineration or discharge into rivers, contributing significantly to environmental pollution. In this investigation, rice husks were employed as the principal raw material for synthesizing silicon carbide. A blend of rice husks and silica gel in a ratio of 1.4/1 was subjected to sintering in a CO2 environment within the temperature range of 800 – 1200 oC for 30 minutes. The chemical composition of the resultant product post-pyrolysis was ascertained in accordance with the ISO 21068-2:2008 standard. The capacity for SiC formation was further assessed utilizing Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The outcomes revealed that the optimal temperature for SiC synthesis was 1200 oC. The composition of the sample post-pyrolysis was determined as 20.4% SiC, 51.2% SiO2, and 26.4% C (%wt.). The primary phase constituents encompass amorphous carbon, cristobalite, α-SiC, and β-SiC. Scanning Electron Microscopy/ Energy Dispersive X-ray imaging of the product at 1200 oC exhibited dispersed SiC crystals on a SiO2-C substrate. The presence of SiC suggests the potential application of the product as a wear-resistant material.

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“…To counter environmental challenges posed by non-biodegradable polymers from petrochemicals, researchers are developing biopolymers from plant-based materials Harini et al 2018;Minh et al 2019;Bamgbola et al 2020). Utilizing polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, and polyesters derived from renewable agricultural sources, biodegradable plastics can be produced (Harini et al 2018).…”

Section: Biopolymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the potential of cashew nutshells: A critical review of alternative applications

Cruz,

Maranon,

Hernandez

et al. 2024

BioRes

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The production of cashew nuts has been increasing globally, leading to a greater volume of waste materials that require proper management. Nevertheless, cashew nutshells (CNS), currently considered waste by most processors, offer a noteworthy opportunity for alternative applications owing to their distinct physical, chemical, and thermal properties. This article reviews alternative applications for CNS that can leverage these properties, while evaluating research gaps. The potential uses are classified into three categories: material development, energy production, and substance absorption. In the materials segment, various examples are discussed where CNS serves as raw material to synthesize biopolymers, cementitious materials, and a broad range of composites. The energy production section discusses various processes that utilize CNS, including pyrolysis, gasification, and briquette production. The absorption section presents CNS and activated carbon derived from CNS as effective absorbents for liquid-phase and gas-phase applications. While this review highlights numerous research-level possibilities for CNS utilization, only a few of these options have been implemented within the industry. Consequently, further research is essential, particularly in CNS characterization, economic and environmental assessment, and real-life implementation, to broaden and enhance the integration of this biomass into applications that can contribute to the value of both its production and processing chain.

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The Influence of Composition of Raw Materials on Formation of Phenolic Resin from Cashew Nut Shell Waste (CNSW)

Cited by 11 publications

References 12 publications

Methylene blue adsorption mechanism of activated carbon synthesised from cashew nut shells

Methylene blue adsorption mechanism of activated carbon synthesised from cashew nut shells

Effect of temperature on the ability to synthesize SiC from rice husks

Exploring the potential of cashew nutshells: A critical review of alternative applications

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