The influence of color on student emotion, heart rate, and performance in learning environments

In the preceding Part 1, the effect of hue on impulsiveness and arousal was studied. From those results, yellow, red and orange were selected for further investigation since participants' performance was consistent with a low arousal state (high error rate and long response time) for the yellow background and high arousal state (low error rate and short response time) for the red background, whereas orange tended to result in high impulsiveness. This article will mainly investigate the fundamental theory of how chroma influences people's impulsiveness and arousal state. As in the previous article, the two main factors used to measure impulsiveness and arousal are also response time and error rate for each colored background. In the psychophysical experiment, participants were looking separately at backgrounds consisting of three hues (red, yellow and orange) with different chroma levels on screen to complete a range of psychometric tests. During the experiment, participants gave their response to the psychometric test as quickly and accurately as possible. From the results it can be seen that chroma has a significant influence on participants' response time and error rate, and influences impulsiveness and arousal. Gender difference will also be discussed in this article.

Section: The Influence Of Color On Impulsiveness and Arousalsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of color on impulsiveness and arousal: Part 2 – Chroma

Duan

Rhodes

Cheung

2018

“…Color's influence on behavior can also be found in environmental design. For example, vivid colors used in learning environments led to significantly higher reading scores . The differentiation in wall color is related to higher levels of cooperative behavior among pre‐school children .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The influence of color on impulsiveness and arousal: Part 1 – Hue

Duan

Rhodes

Cheung

2018

Impulsiveness and arousal are two similar yet distinct emotional and behavioral states that have been shown to be influenced by color in many fields, such as clothing and environment design. This series of studies investigates the fundamental theory of how color impacts on people's impulsiveness and arousal states. To achieve this goal, psychophysical methods were used to examine the impact of color environment on impulsiveness and arousal. Two main factors were used to quantify them: response time and error rate in problem solving. The psychophysical experiment was designed to examine whether, in a particular color environment, the response time and error rate were different. Participants sat in front of a large TV screen showing different colored backgrounds against which a range of psychometric tests were completed. The color backgrounds varied in hue. During the experiment, participants were required to give their responses to each of the psychometric tests as quickly and accurately as possible. The results showed that different colors can significantly influence response time and error rate, which suggests that color has a distinct influence on impulsiveness and arousal. Gender difference has also been investigated. This article mainly discusses hue influence on impulsiveness and arousal. The influence of chroma along with hue will be explored in the next article.

“…Participants might have guessed the goal of the studies and consciously, or unconsciously, reported lower affective scores after each testing session to conform to the experimenter's expectations . Such expectations could be reduced with more objective measures like measurements of physiological arousal . It could also be reduced by having an experimenter, blind to the experimental conditions, evaluate participants' affective responses through observation .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Results were inconclusive. Several studies demonstrated that warm as compared to cool colors increased heart rate, skin conductance or EEG responses . Other studies, however, failed to observe measurable differences between these colors on one or several physiological parameters .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

To see or not to see: Importance of color perception to color therapy

Jonauskaitė

Tremea

Bürki

et al. 2020

Color therapy, healing through color, supposedly works through the physical exposure to color. In two studies, we assessed stress and anxiety reduction after color exposure using a commercially available relaxation‐through‐color routine. Participants either completed the routine by looking at the accompanying color disks or at a white patch. In study 1 (longitudinal), 60 participants completed the routine three times, each testing session separated by a week. In study 2 (cross‐sectional), 63 participants completed half of the trials once. In both studies, we recorded a decrease in stress and anxiety levels comparing before‐after scores. In study 1, we recorded incremental decreases with each week. Crucially, decreases were the same whether participants (a) physically saw colors or not, and (b) completed the full or shortened version. We conclude that other factors but physical exposure to color explain changes in affective states associated with this and probably other color therapy routines.