The Influence of Co/Sr and Fe/Sr Driers on Film Formation of High Solid Alkyd Coatings

Pirš, Barbara; Znoj, Bogdan; Skale, Saša; Zabret, Jožefa; Godnjavec, Jerneja; Berce, Peter; Venturini, P.

doi:10.17344/acsi.2014.708

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…These results are in agreement with the NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) experiments reported by Erich and co-workers using the same catalyst (as well as two Mn siccatives) [54]. The same bispidon catalyst has also been studied with strontium soap (Sr(EH) 2 ) and compared with cobalt soap by Pirš et al [55]. It was shown that Sr(EH) 2 induces harder film and better curing with especially the cobalt soap.…”

Section: Iron-based Technology (Fe-bispidon Catalyst Supplied As Borsupporting

confidence: 87%

The Evolution of Catalysis for Alkyd Coatings: Responding to Impending Cobalt Reclassification with Very Active Iron and Manganese Catalysts, Using Polydentate Nitrogen Donor Ligands

Simpson¹,

Maaijen²,

Roelofsen³

et al. 2019

Catalysts

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Autoxidation processes to achieve curing of alkyd resins in paints, inks, and coatings are ubiquitous in many applications. Cobalt soaps have been employed for these applications for many decades and most of the paint and ink alkyd resin formulations have been optimized to achieve optimal benefits of the cobalt soaps. However, cobalt soaps are under increased scrutiny because of likely reclassification as carcinogenic under REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation, and Restrictions of Chemicals) legislation in Europe. This is critical, since such coatings are available for regular human contact. Alternative manganese- and iron-based siccatives have been developed to address this need for over a decade. They often show very high curing activity depending on the organic ligands bound to the metal centers. Recently, new classes of catalysts and modes of application have been published or patented to create safe paints, whilst delivering performance benefits via their unique reaction mechanisms. Besides the use of well-defined, preformed catalysts, paint formulations have also been developed with mixtures of metal soaps and ligands that form active species in-situ. The change from Co-soaps to Mn- and Fe-based siccatives meant that important coating issues related to radical-based curing, such as skinning, had to be rethought. In this paper we will review the new catalyst technologies and their performance and modes of action, as well as new compounds developed to provide anti-skinning benefits.

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Section: Iron-based Technology (Fe-bispidon Catalyst Supplied As Borsupporting

confidence: 87%

The Evolution of Catalysis for Alkyd Coatings: Responding to Impending Cobalt Reclassification with Very Active Iron and Manganese Catalysts, Using Polydentate Nitrogen Donor Ligands

Simpson¹,

Maaijen²,

Roelofsen³

et al. 2019

Catalysts

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“…EIS is an established method for the evaluation of the corrosion protection of coatings but can also be used to assess film properties in general . The measurements of the impedance spectra and data analysis were performed with the same procedures as described in our previous article, where we demonstrated that EIS can be used to observe the progress of latex film formation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of coalescing aids on the latex properties and film formation of waterborne coatings

Berce

Skale²,

Razboršek

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Coalescing aids are organic solvents that are widely used to accommodate the film formation of waterborne coatings. The influence of the volatility, hydrophilicity, and amount of coalescing aids on the properties of waterborne dispersions and the dynamics of film formation was investigated. The results show that coalescing aids increased the viscosity through particle swelling and solvation, with the effect being stronger with more hydrophilic solvents. The results obtained with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and indentation tests show that hydrophilic coalescing aids were more efficient because of the partitioning on the particle interfaces but they could temporarily decrease the water resistance. The ease of coalescence was countered by solvent retention, which complicated the dynamics of film formation. EIS was used to optimize a real‐world coating formulation and identify the pitfalls arising from the complex dynamics of film formation. The best resistance to humidity was obtained with a combination of hydrophobic and hydrophilic coalescing aids. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45142.

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“…In another paper by Pirš et al [54], the effect of strontium soaps on the curing behavior of Co II (2-EH) 2 and [(bispidon)Fe II Cl]Cl was studied. The cobalt level in the formulation was between 0.08 and 0.14 wt % when using Co II (2-EH) 2 and the iron level was between 0.00056 and 0.00098 wt % when using [(bispidon)Fe II Cl]Cl.…”

Section: Iron Bispidon Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manganese and Iron Catalysts in Alkyd Paints and Coatings

Hage¹,

Böer²,

Maaijen³

2016

Inorganics

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Many paint, ink and coating formulations contain alkyd-based resins which cure via autoxidation mechanisms. Whilst cobalt-soaps have been used for many decades, there is a continuing and accelerating desire by paint companies to develop alternatives for the cobalt soaps, due to likely classification as carcinogens under the REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals) legislation. Alternative driers, for example manganese and iron soaps, have been applied for this purpose. However, relatively poor curing capabilities make it necessary to increase the level of metal salts to such a level that often coloring of the paint formulation occurs. More recent developments include the application of manganese and iron complexes with a variety of organic ligands. This review will discuss the chemistry of alkyd resin curing, the applications and reactions of cobalt-soaps as curing agents, and, subsequently, the paint drying aspects and mechanisms of (model) alkyd curing using manganese and iron catalysts.

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The Influence of Co/Sr and Fe/Sr Driers on Film Formation of High Solid Alkyd Coatings

Cited by 9 publications

References 15 publications

The Evolution of Catalysis for Alkyd Coatings: Responding to Impending Cobalt Reclassification with Very Active Iron and Manganese Catalysts, Using Polydentate Nitrogen Donor Ligands

The Evolution of Catalysis for Alkyd Coatings: Responding to Impending Cobalt Reclassification with Very Active Iron and Manganese Catalysts, Using Polydentate Nitrogen Donor Ligands

Influence of coalescing aids on the latex properties and film formation of waterborne coatings

Manganese and Iron Catalysts in Alkyd Paints and Coatings

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