The Influence of Clinical Staging and Use of Antiretroviral Therapy on Cognitive Functioning of School-Aged Nigerian Children with HIV Infection

Boyede, Gbemisola O; Lesi, F. E. A.; Ezeaka, Chinyere; Umeh, Charles S.

doi:10.4172/2155-6113.1000195

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…[52]. HIV positive children should have a monotonous neuropsychological assessment at intervals as part of their standard care to detect children with cognitive impairment on time [53].…”

Section: Complications In Infantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Various Aspects of HIV Infection

Lingan¹

2018

HIV Curr Res

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Many people are affected by HIV infection worldwide, lack of ability of modern medication in developing an active vaccine against HIV is a global public health importance. Various aspects such as diseases associated with HIV infection, role of immune cells in diagnosis and treatment, significance of molecular changes during infection, complications in infants, impact of gender and social behaviour and diagnosis of disorders associated with HIV infection were discussed in this review. Affected patients would be associated with acute kidney injury, arterial stiffness, cardiovascular disease, Tuberculosis, intestinal parasite carriage and disruptive sleep apnea. Immune cells like CD4, CD8, CD38 T cells and natural killer cells have a vital role in diagnosis and treatment. DNA vaccines could play a major role to prevent or treat infectious diseases including HIV and would elicit T cell immunity, protective antibody responses and local mucosal immunity protective vaccine against HIV infection. Health professionals are responsible for diagnosis of disorders associated with HIV infection and follow-up of HIV-infected paediatric patients. There is a crucial need to improve and evaluate novel interventions that are tailored for this helpless population. Several factors such as income deficit, Pre-college residence, pornographic film viewing and believe in sexual abstinence for HIV prevention were found to be significant predictors of initiating premarital sex. Younger generations could be advised to maintain the virginity as cultural norm. Incorporation of socio-structural elements and geospatial techniques in analytical approaches would lead to better understanding of local dynamics and develop mediations that increase our facility of targeted HIV prevention services.

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“…[52]. HIV positive children should have a monotonous neuropsychological assessment at intervals as part of their standard care to detect children with cognitive impairment on time [53].…”

Section: Complications In Infantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Various Aspects of HIV Infection

Lingan¹

2018

HIV Curr Res

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“…Recent studies from Uganda (Boivin et al, 2016, Boivin et al, 2010, Ruel et al, 2012), South Africa (Laughton et al, 2009) and Nigeria (Boyede et al, 2013a, Boyede et al, 2013b, Boyede et al, 2013c) have noted significant neurocognitive deficits. Thus identifying these deficits earlier would enable timely neurocognitive rehabilitation with development of psychosocial and educational interventions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurocognitive functioning of HIV positive children attending the comprehensive care clinic at Kenyatta national hospital: exploring neurocognitive deficits and psychosocial risk factors

et al. 2018

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Children and adolescents are affected in different ways by HIV/AIDS. Neurocognitive deficits are one of the most significant long term effects on HIV infected children and adolescents. Several factors are thought to influence cognitive outcomes and this include immune status, Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART), education and social support. The aim of the study was to assess the neurocognitive function of HIV infected children and adolescents and correlate it with psychosocial factors. A cross sectional study was carried out involving a sample of 90 children living with HIV between 8 and 15 years (M = 11.38, SD = 2.06) attending Comprehensive Care Clinic (CCC) at Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH). Samples were selected by using purposive sample technique. Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children-Second Edition was used to assess cognitive function and psychosocial issues were assessed using HEADS-ED. Data was analyzed using SPSS v23 and independent T-tests, Pearson's correlation and linear regression were used. The prevalence of neurocognitive deficits among HIV positive children attending CCC at KNH was 60% with neurocognitive performance of 54 children being at least 2SD below the mean based on the KABC-II scores. There was no significant correlation between mental processing index and CD4 count (Pearson's rho = -0.01, p = 0.39). There was no significant association between Mental Processing Index and viral load (p = 0.056) and early ARV initiation (0.27). Using the HEADS-ED, risks factors related to education (β = -5.67, p = 0.02) and activities and peer support (β = -9.1, p = 0.002) were significantly associated with poor neurocognitive performance. Neurocognitive deficits are prevalent among HIV positive children attending CCC-KNH. This extent of the deficits was not associated with low CD4 count, high viral load or early initiation in HIV care. However, poor school performance and problem with peers was associated with poor neurocognitive performance.

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“…The most common disorders found are anxiety disorders, followed by attentiondeficit hyperactivity disorders, conduct disorders, oppositional defiant disorders, and mood disorders. [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative Neuro Rehabilitation Of Aggressive Behavior And Cognitive Abilities Of Children With Hiv-Encephalopathy

Saidkhodjaeva

2020

IAM

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The chronic medical conditions in the pediatric population pose a range of potential cognitive and emotional -behavioral challenges not only to the child, but also to the family members and health care providers. Neurological sequels and neurocognitive disorders in infected children are due to static or progressive encephalopathy that influences different domains such as speech and language, memory, learning, information processing and motor functioning. This paper comprehensively reviews the issues of personal observations and carried out modern psycho-neurological investigations of 170 children infected with HIV . The necessity of using the innovative NIRVANA neurorehabilitation system based on immersing the patient into virtual reality and game motivation, which contributed to a significant improvement in motor and emotional disorders, was shown. Virtual reality (VR) shows perspectives for healthcare applications because it provides patients with an exciting, often interesting, approach to achieving the goal of increasing productivity. Also, a persistent tendency to improve the intellectual level and quality of life of physical and emotional activity.

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The Influence of Clinical Staging and Use of Antiretroviral Therapy on Cognitive Functioning of School-Aged Nigerian Children with HIV Infection

Cited by 7 publications

References 13 publications

A Review on Various Aspects of HIV Infection

A Review on Various Aspects of HIV Infection

Neurocognitive functioning of HIV positive children attending the comprehensive care clinic at Kenyatta national hospital: exploring neurocognitive deficits and psychosocial risk factors

Innovative Neuro Rehabilitation Of Aggressive Behavior And Cognitive Abilities Of Children With Hiv-Encephalopathy

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