The Influence of Climate Change on the Intensity of Ice Gouging of the Bottom by Hummocky Formations

Ogorodov, Stanislav; Arkhipov, Vassily; Baranskaya, Alisa; Kokin, Osip; Romanov, A.O.

doi:10.1134/s1028334x1802006x

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…To prove the origin of the Aral Sea bottom landforms, we compared them to well-studied ice gouges in other seas and lakes. These included the Baydaratskaya Bay of the Kara Sea [53], because of its extensive coverage by SSS data during investigations for construction of an underwater pipeline crossing [4], the northern Caspian Sea [12,19], which is less studied but is proximate to the Aral Sea and has similar conditions, and Lake Erie [23] because of its similar latitudes, water area and conditions.…”

Section: Formation Mechanisms Of the Aral Sea Ice-gouging Topographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are usually destroyed by the first spring storm; therefore, the concentration of ice gouges in coastward regions is usually low. The area with the greatest intensity of ice gouging is the fast ice rim, along which the largest hummocks and ice floes usually drift [14,53]. Deeper water areas are rarely affected, and can be plowed by the largest ice formations only, as their keels have to be very deep to reach the bottom.…”

Section: Ice-gouging Intensity Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ice-Gouging Topography of the Exposed Aral Sea Bed

et al. 2019

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Ice gouging, or scouring, i.e., ice impact on the seabed, is a well-studied phenomenon in high-latitude seas. In the mid-latitudes, it remains one of the major geomorphic processes in freezing seas and large lakes. Research efforts concerning its patterns, drivers and intensity are scarce, and include aerial and geophysical studies of ice scours in the Northern Caspian Sea. This study aims to explain the origin of the recently discovered linear landforms on the exposed former Aral Sea bottom using remotely sensed data. We suggest that they are relict ice gouges, analogous to the modern ice scours of the Northern Caspian, Kara and other seas and lakes, previously studied by side scan sonar (SSS) surveys. Their average dimensions, from 3 to 90 m in width and from hundreds to thousands of meters in length, and spatial distribution were derived from satellite imagery interpretation and structure from motion-processing of UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) images. Ice scouring features are virtually omnipresent at certain seabed sections, evidencing high ice gouging intensity in mid-latitude climates. Their greatest density is observed in the central part of the former East Aral Sea. The majority of contemporary ice gouges appeared during the rapid Aral Sea level fall between 1980 and the mid-1990s. Since then, the lake has almost completely drained, providing a unique opportunity for direct studies of exposed ice gouges using both in situ and remote-sensing techniques. These data could add to our current understanding of the scales and drivers of ice impact on the bottom of shallow seas and lakes.

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Section: Formation Mechanisms Of the Aral Sea Ice-gouging Topographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ice-gouging Intensity Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ice-Gouging Topography of the Exposed Aral Sea Bed

et al. 2019

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“…The fast ice boundary position changes through the length of a season, causing active ridging over large areas. Therefore, ice ridges form perpendicular to the wind direction both at the boundary of the stable and in the zones of temporarily stationary ice (Ogorodov et al 2019). Ice hummocks and ridges grounding in shallow water and further ice pile-up cause the formation of stamukhi (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stamukha pits (Parr et al 2013) and ice scours were studied concerning the assessment of loads on subsea pipelines. Ogorodov et al (2019) estimated the main depths of the ice effects on the seabed. Comprehensive monitoring of the ice drift , stamukhi distribution, their parameters and other ice cover characteristics started in 2013 by llp iceman.kz.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ice Features Of The Northern Caspian Under Sea Level Fluctuations And Ice Coverage Variations

Ogorodov

Magaeva

Maznev

et al. 2020

GES

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The Caspian Seaseasonal ice cover develops each winter despite of it being in mid-latitudes. Increasing development of oil and gas fields challenges researchers to ensure operational safety. TheCaspian Seahas seen significant water level fluctuations in its recent history. And in the same time, it is vulnerable to effects of climate change. Extensive studies on ice conditions conducted in the region don’t provide insights on influence of these factors in combination to describe ice cover behavior and ice features distribution. We classify winter seasons of theNorthern Caspianby their severity calculating the cumulative freezing-degree days (CFDD). Ice charts based on aerial reconnaissance with support of the OSI-450 reanalysis provided data on the ice coverage, the timing of ice formation and destruction, the duration of the ice seasons from 1979 to 2015. We analyzed the stamukhi distribution on theNorthern Caspianfrom aerial reconnaissance for 1973–1980 and satellite imagery deciphering for 2013–2019 periods along with sea level dynamics. We found out that the amount of severe and moderate winters reduces while mild winters number increases. This leads to a decrease in the mean ice area and ice duration at theNorthern Caspian. Comparison of two periods with different sea levels and ice coverage showed that both factors affect the distribution of stamukhi by depth and distance to coast in theNorthern Caspian. Comparison of stamukhi locations in moderate winter seasons showed that their distribution is determined by the area of ice cover. In case of similar ice conditions, the stamukhi distribution is determined by sea level. The zone of their highest concentration shifts along with the coastline offset.

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