The influence of chromosome 4 on high ethanol consumption and blood pressure

Protective role of the ginsenoside Rg1 against methimazole-induced gestational hypothyroidism on reflexive behaviors, conditioned fear and cortical antioxidant levels in mice offspring

“…In this particular study, PD 5-day-old offspring were placed on their dorsal position on a cotton fabric and maintained in that position for 5 seconds. The time required for the pups to revert to their ventral stance after being released from the fixed position was carefully recorded ( Anjos et al, 2022 ). Due to the absence of reported instances of learning effects, the examination was conducted three times within a three-minute time frame ( Feather-Schussler and Ferguson, 2016 ).…”

Methimazole‐induced gestational hypothyroidism affects the offspring development and differently impairs the conditioned fear in male and female adulthood rodents

“…The physical parameter included pinna unfolding, incisor eruption, and eye opening (Sanches et al, 2019). The following behavioral reflexes were also assessed: righting reflex (the pups ware placed in the dorsal decubitus over a flat surface and observed the age that each pup returns from the prone position) (Anjos et al, 2022), negative geotaxis (pups were kept on a 45° inclined plane face‐down and observed the age that each pup was able to rotate at least 135°) (Ruhela et al, 2019), palmar grasp reflex (light pressure with a paper clip was applied until the pup showed a palmar grasp with the forepaw) (Laliberte et al, 2021), auditory startle (body retraction, with a transitory immobility in response to a sound stimulus) (Fragoso et al, 2017), and vibrissae placing (pup held by tail with head facing edge of bench with vibrissae just touching vertical surface and observed the lifting of the head and the extension of the forepaws in a direction of the bench) (Smart & Dobbing, 1971). On PND22, the offspring were weaned and distributed according to theirs sex and litter size and housed in groups of four per cage.…”