The influence of childhood sexual abuse, physical abuse, family environment, and gender on the psychological adjustment of adolescents

Meyerson, Lori A.; Long, Patricia J.; Miranda, Robert; Marx, Brian P.

doi:10.1016/s0145-2134(02)00315-0

Cited by 117 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Childhood adversity has been associated with interpersonal difficulties in adolescence, suggesting that early life trauma interferes with the development of social skills. 4,5 Consistent with this hypothesis, adverse childhood experiences were associated with having fewer close relationships and feeling more emotionally isolated in this cohort of older persons. In old age, a higher level of neuroticism and lower level of social engagement have been associated with loss of cognitive function [31][32][33][34] and increased risk of disability 26,35 and death.…”

supporting

confidence: 66%

Childhood Adversity and Psychosocial Adjustment in Old Age

Wilson

Krueger

Arnold

et al. 2006

The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry

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Objective-The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that higher level of childhood adversity is associated with lower level of psychosocial adjustment in old age.Method-Participants are 253 older persons (mean age: 79.8, standard deviation: 2.1; 73.9% women) from the Rush Memory and Aging Project, a clinicopathologic study of common chronic conditions of old age. Childhood adversity was assessed with a 16-item measure based on portions of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and other inventories. Psychosocial adjustment was assessed with multiple measures of neuroticism (i.e., proneness to negative emotions) and social engagement.Results-Based in part on a factor analysis, composite measures of total adversity, emotional neglect, parental intimidation, parental violence, family turmoil, and financial need were developed. In a series of linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, own education, and parental education, the composite measure of childhood adversity was associated with all facets of neuroticism and accounted for more than 13% of the variance in the composite neuroticism measure. Emotional neglect and parental intimidation had the strongest associations with neuroticism. Childhood adversity was not related to frequency of participation in social activities, but more adversity was associated with having a smaller network (accounting for 3% of the variance) and feeling more emotionally isolated (accounting for 7% of the variance).Conclusion-Childhood adversity is associated with less adaptive psychosocial functioning in old age. KeywordsChildhood Adversity; aging; neuroticism; social engagement Maltreatment, neglect, and other adverse experiences commonly occur during childhood. [1][2][3] Among adults, a history of adverse childhood experience has been shown to be associated with diverse psychologic problems, including interpersonal difficulties, 4,5 personality disorders, 6, 7 depression, 8,9 alcohol and substance abuse, 7,8 and suicidal behavior, 10,11 as well as poor physical health. 12,13 By contrast, knowledge about the relation of traumatic experiences during childhood to mental health in old age is limited. Most research has focused on parental emotional support, with lower levels of support associated with more physical and emotional problems in older persons. [14][15][16] In addition, loss of a parent in childhood has been related to NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript impaired physical health, but not disability, in old age. 17 Thus, the extent to which the deleterious effects of childhood adversity persist into old age is not well understood.In the present study, we examined the relation of childhood adversity to psychosocial adjustment in older persons. Participants are from the Rush Memory and Aging Project, a clinicopathologic study of chronic conditions of old age. We developed from existing questionnaires a self-report measure of adverse childhood experiences, including emotional neglect and parental violence and intimidation...

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supporting

confidence: 66%

Childhood Adversity and Psychosocial Adjustment in Old Age

Wilson

Krueger

Arnold

et al. 2006

The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry

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“…Research over the past few decades has begun to identify a range of risk factors and correlates associated with SV as a means of understanding and preventing SV perpetration. These risk factors and correlates span a range of individual, peer, family, and community characteristics and include factors such as child maltreatment (Widom, 2001), witnessing interpersonal violence (Borowsky et al, 1997), and emotionally unsupportive family environments (Meyerson, Long, Miranda, & Marx, 2002). One well-established model of SV perpetration, the confluence model developed by Malamuth, Sockloskie, Koss, and Tanaka (1991), suggests that some individual risk factors for perpetration may originate or be directly influenced by family background factors such as early negative home environments and parent-child interactions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mediating Effect of Hostility Toward Women on the Relationship Between Childhood Emotional Abuse and Sexual Violence Perpetration

Vivolo-Kantor¹,

DeGue

DiLillo

et al. 2013

Violence Vict

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Some evidence suggests that childhood emotional abuse (CEA) may serve as a risk factor for sexual violence (SV) perpetration; however, little is known about the mechanisms by which CEA may influence SV. This study examined the relationship between CEA and SV by assessing the mediating role of hostility toward women (HTW) in a sample of adjudicated adult males (N = 360). Approximately 1 in 5 participants was classified as sexually violent based on self-reported behavior and/or criminal records. Results indicated that CEA significantly predicted HTW and SV, and HTW significantly predicted SV. As hypothesized, the relationship between CEA and SV was no longer significant after controlling for HTW, supporting the role of HTW as a mediator between CEA and SV. Efforts that aim to prevent CEA or that address early aggressive attitudes or behavior toward women may have a positive impact on preventing or reducing SV.

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“…Em que pese a unanimidade dos autores sobre as repercussões que o abuso sexual e outros tipos de violência determinem na saúde mental (Zavaschi et al, 2002;Arboleda-Flórez e Wade, 2001;Meyerson et al, 2002;Molnar et al, 2001;Conway et al, 2004;Hill et al, 2001;Sharma e Gupta, 2004;Steel et al, 2004;Peleikis et al, 2004;Queiroz, 2003;Grande et al, 2003;Kisiel e Lyons, 2001;Haj-Yahia e Tamish, 2001;Macfie et al, 2001;Ystgaard et al, 2004;Roelofs et al, 2002;Roberts et al, 2004), além da predisposição para um comportamento delinqüente (Gover e MacKenzie, 2003;Craissati et al, 2002;Radosh, 2002;Lindsay et al, 2001;Swanston et al, 2003;Sharma, 2003;White e Smith, 2004), seja em idade adulta (Aylwin et al, 2003) ou na juventude, não há consenso a respeito da idéia de que a criança vítima de violência será um adulto violento, capaz de práticas abusivas (Craissati et al, 2002). O abuso sexual na infância é considerado também como fator de risco para a vitimização na idade adulta (Messman-Moore e Brown, 2004; Surrat et al, 2004;Polanczyk et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Afirmam também que crianças expostas a um acúmulo de riscos estruturais e sociais têm maior probabilidade de manifestar problemas mentais (Arboleda-Flórez e Wade, 2001), tais como depressão na adolescência (Meyerson et al, 2002).…”

Section: Revisão Da Literaturaunclassified

“…Medo, perda de interesse pelos estudos e brincadeiras, dificuldades de se ajustar, isolamento social, déficit de linguagem e aprendizagem, distúrbios de conduta, baixa auto-estima (Gerko et al, 2005;Meyerson et al, 2002), fugas de casa, uso de álcool e drogas, idéias suicidas e homicidas, tentativas repetidas de suicídio, automutilação (Ystgaard et al, 2004), agressividade e suicídio (Oates, 2004) também têm sido descritos. A dificuldade em fixar memórias relativas ao abuso pode estar presente em crianças menores, entre 3 e 10 anos de idade (Goodman et al, 2001).…”

Section: Revisão Da Literaturaunclassified

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