The influence of childhood abuse and prenatal intimate partner violence on childbirth experiences and breastfeeding outcomes

Rates of breastfeeding or chestfeeding and influencing factors among transgender and gender-diverse parents: a cross sectional study

“…First, we found that some of the common social determinants affecting breastfeeding in the cisgender population also influence BCF in the TGD population. Consistent with studies in the cisgender population, participants who grew up in extended or nuclear families were more likely to choose EBCF, 32 while participants with a higher annual family income preferred a shorter BCF duration. 1 In addition, some results, which were different from those of the cisgender population were noted, where participants who had a higher family income were more likely to exclusively chest-feed their infants.…”

“…Prospective cohort studies have suggested that childhood abuse and intimate partner violence can contribute to poor breastfeeding outcomes in the cisgender population. 32 TGD individuals are more likely to be exposed to violence. Traditional values of the Chinese family unit may result in the exclusion and violence of TGD individuals, and notions such as observance of “rules of nature” and perpetuation of blood for families make gender and sexual minorities a disgrace to the family.…”

A multilevel developmental psychopathology model of childbirth and the perinatal transition

“…There is a wealth of literature linking childhood maltreatment experiences – particularly, childhood sexual abuse – with traumatic childbirth, and the mechanisms facilitating these relations warrant further investigation ( Lev-Wiesel et al, 2009 ; Shamblaw et al, 2021 ). Mechanisms that have been tested empirically include trauma-related schemas pertaining to helplessness and low perceived safety ( Ayers, 2004 ; Iles & Pote, 2015 ; King et al, 2017 ; Soet et al, 2003 ); intimate partner violence during pregnancy ( Do et al, 2022 ; Oliveira et al, 2017 ); maladaptive physiological stress responsivity during pregnancy ( Yehuda & Meaney, 2018 ); re-traumatization, physical pain, and dissociation during childbirth ( Choi & Seng et al, 2016 ; Ford & Ayers, 2011 ; Goutaudier et al, 2012 ; Reed et al, 2017 ); and gut microbial communities that potentiate atypical inflammatory and glucocorticoid stress responses ( Hantsoo et al, 2019 ). The multidimensionality of these mechanisms highlights the relevance of developmental psychopathology conceptualizations of childbirth.…”