The influence of Chemyon on facework and conflict styles: Searching for the Korean face and its impact

Kim, Yungwook; Yang, Jungeun

doi:10.1016/j.pubrev.2010.09.007

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Although this study did not examine cultural factors in the analysis, it is possible to infer from the past research that the distinct cultures that dominate South Korea (i.e., Confucianism, nepotism, collectivism) have contributed to the formation of hasty discussions. In the context of cultural characteristics, South Koreans have a willingness to avoid conflicts and save face, known as Chemyon (Kim and Yang, 2011). Therefore, during a decision-making process, South Korean people may think that inviting the participation of many or prolonged discussion time would only bring confrontations, thus discounting the process of discussion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result of these values, communication styles in South Korea are non-confrontational, which leads Koreans to engage in high-context communication; for example, they do not explicitly point out others’ logical flaws. To help others save face—known as chemyon in Korean (Kim and Yang, 2011)—South Koreans prefer obscuring their positions as a communication strategy and thus creating ambiguous messages (Lint and Choi, 1996). This, in turn, produces more abstract messages than those in other countries such as the US, where a low-context culture dominates (Merkin, 2009).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hasty discussion, cross-cutting exposure, and tolerance: A comparative study of South Korean and American online discussants

Lee

Choi

2018

International Communication Gazette

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The positive relationship between cross-cutting exposure and tolerance has long been a topic in the political communication field. By reinvestigating this issue, this study further explores whether hasty discussion moderates the relationship from a cross-cultural perspective by comparing South Korea with the United States. The authors posit that hasty discussion—a term that was coined to explain South Korean’s fast lifestyle as reflected in discussion processes—is a South Korean characteristic that can have deleterious effects on deliberative democracy. Nine hundred and sixty survey participants (480 South Koreans and 480 Americans) showed meaningful results: (1) Hasty discussion comprises two factors (ignoring discussion processes and pursuing discussion efficiency). (2) Americans are exposed to more cross-cutting opinions than South Koreans, but the positive relationship between cross-cutting exposure and tolerance is more significant in the South Korean sample. (3) In the South Korean sample, ignoring discussion processes negatively affected tolerance. (4) An interaction effect of ignoring discussion processes and cross-cutting exposure on tolerance was found among South Koreans. That is, ignoring the discussion process lowered tolerance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hasty discussion, cross-cutting exposure, and tolerance: A comparative study of South Korean and American online discussants

Lee

Choi

2018

International Communication Gazette

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“…From this perspective, it is also worthwhile to note that Koreans are particularly sensitive to how others view and evaluate them, which is understood as chemyon (saving face or a sense of shame), which stems from Confucian culture and collectivism amid secular culture (Z.-N. Lee 1999). The chemyon culture, emphasizing external appearance rather than practicality, has been argued to hinder meaningful two-way communication or result in increased competition and conflicts with other groups in the Korean society (Y. Kim and Yang 2011).…”

Section: Social Construction and Place Identitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Making of Gangnam: Social Construction and Identity of Urban Place in South Korea

Bae

Joo

2019

Urban Affairs Review

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Amid a globally increasing trend of urban segregation, this article asks why a particular urban place, the Gangnam area in the city of Seoul, has come to symbolize the rich and the powerful, consolidating both socioeconomic segregation and political conservatism in a short span of time. While different approaches exist that partially explain Gangnam’s luxurious lifestyles, fervent real estate speculation, obsession with education, and political conservatism, this article seeks to provide a holistic explanation for the rise of Gangnam and draws particular attention to the social construction of place identity. Based on the analysis of historically and contextually grounded evidence, imaginations, and cognitive scaling of different stakeholders, it suggests bidirectional formations of self–other and present–future identities, highlighting the sociopsychological aspects of place identity formation. Specifically, it explains political conservatism as the attempts of Gangnam residents to sustain the area’s entrance barrier and pass on their exclusivity to future selves and children.

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“…Moreover, South Koreans are known for their unique cultural and social characteristic, called Chemyon or "saving face" (i.e., Goffman, 1967), in which consumers are frequently seeking the endorsement or even approval of reference groups, especially in-groups (Y. Kim & Yang, 2011). The importance of Chemyon (or "saving face") in social relationships results in a strong desire to keeping ones' companions and finding themselves comfortable in conformity, ultimately leading to following others' consumption (Bak, 2017;Chitrakorn, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…South Korea was chosen for our study given her lowest rank in individualism score (18) of all East Asian countries (Japan 46, China 20; Hofstede, 1991). Moreover, South Koreans are known for their unique cultural and social characteristic, called Chemyon or “saving face” (i.e., Goffman, 1967), in which consumers are frequently seeking the endorsement or even approval of reference groups, especially in-groups (Y. Kim & Yang, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How do self-brand connections affect ad responses among South Korean consumers? The roles of reference groups and message construals

Kim

Sung

Lee

et al. 2020

International Journal of Market Research

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This research explored how self-brand connections (SBCs) influence consumers’ ad responses in South Korea where collectivistic cultures, especially in-group orientations, are highly valued. Synthesizing social identity and construal level theories, Study 1 found that individuals tended to feel proximal to the brand that is perceived to be highly consistent with their in-groups. Furthermore, individuals’ SBCs were found to mediate such a relationship between in-group orientations and psychological distance to the brand. Expanding to the advertising context, Study 2 investigated the interactive effect of SBCs and ad messages construals. The results demonstrated that ads featuring low-construal messages evoked more favorable attitudes toward and purchase intentions of brands with weak SBCs, whereas no such matching effect was found for brands with strong SBCs.

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The influence of Chemyon on facework and conflict styles: Searching for the Korean face and its impact

Cited by 19 publications

References 13 publications

Hasty discussion, cross-cutting exposure, and tolerance: A comparative study of South Korean and American online discussants

Hasty discussion, cross-cutting exposure, and tolerance: A comparative study of South Korean and American online discussants

The Making of Gangnam: Social Construction and Identity of Urban Place in South Korea

How do self-brand connections affect ad responses among South Korean consumers? The roles of reference groups and message construals

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