The influence of chemical composition, aerosol acidity, and metal dissolution on the oxidative potential of fine particulate matter and redox potential of the lung lining fluid

Shahpoury, Pourya; Zhang, Zheng Wei; Arangio, Andrea M.; Celo, Valbona; Da̧bek-Złotorzyńska, Ewa; Harner, Tom; Nenes, Athanasios

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2020.106343

Cited by 59 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 102 publications

(97 reference statements)

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“…While Fe exhibited a low solubility, it is the most abundant soluble metal, followed by Zn, Ba, Cu, Mn, and Sb. This is important, as water-soluble Fe and other transition metals, specifically metals associated with brake/tire wear (i.e., copper), have been directly correlated to ROS production [24,28]. Furthermore, other studies also reported associations between ROS activity and water-soluble brake wear elements (Cu, Ba) in coarse particles [23,46].…”

Section: Water-soluble Metal(oids)mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…This behavior can be due to the diverse sources dominated abrasion or hot-vapor condensation particles, or me onto the surface of other particles and, thus, tend to be more l within crustal material. For example, a relatively high solubilit tributed to its high-temperature industrial sources (See Section 3 low solubility, it is the most abundant soluble metal, followed by This is important, as water-soluble Fe and other transition meta sociated with brake/tire wear (i.e., copper), have been directly co tion [24,28]. Furthermore, other studies also reported associatio and water-soluble brake wear elements (Cu, Ba) in coarse particl A number of these metal(oids) are typically in the form of ox and, thus, have varying solubility depending on their specific fo Figure 4, slightly lower water-solubility was observed for bra PM2.5 collected in Vancouver.…”

Section: Water-soluble Metal(oids)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of recent studies have shown that ambient metal elements (in their soluble and insoluble forms) have been extensively associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which has been postulated to be an important mechanism leading to PM-induced toxicity and the associated adverse health effects [16][17][18][19][20][21]. In particular, sources with high concentrations of transition metals, such as Fe, Cu, Ba, Zn, Mn, Cr, and Ti, arising from non-exhaust emissions, appear to have a higher intrinsic oxidative potential (i.e., OP per microgram of PM) than other sources of PM [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. In a recent population-based cohort study in Toronto, Canada, Zhang et al [21] found that long-term exposure to Fe and Cu in PM 2.5 , and their combined impact on ROS, were consistently associated with increased cardiovascular disease deaths.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insights into Elemental Composition and Sources of Fine and Coarse Particulate Matter in Dense Traffic Areas in Toronto and Vancouver, Canada

Celo

Yassine

Da̧bek-Złotorzyńska

2021

Toxics

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Traffic is a significant pollution source in cities and has caused various health and environmental concerns worldwide. Therefore, an improved understanding of traffic impacts on particle concentrations and their components could help mitigate air pollution. In this study, the characteristics and sources of trace elements in PM2.5 (fine), and PM10-2.5 (coarse), were investigated in dense traffic areas in Toronto and Vancouver, Canada, from 2015–2017. At nearby urban background sites, 24-h integrated PM samples were also concurrently collected. The PM2.5 and PM10-2.5 masses, and a number of elements (i.e., Fe, Ba, Cu, Sb, Zn, Cr), showed clear increases at each near-road site, related to the traffic emissions resulting from resuspension and/or abrasion sources. The trace elements showed a clear partitioning trend between PM2.5 and PM10-2.5, thus reflecting the origin of some of these elements. The application of positive matrix factorization (PMF) to the combined fine and coarse metal data (86 total), with 24 observations at each site, was used to determine the contribution of different sources to the total metal concentrations in fine and coarse PM. Four major sources were identified by the PMF model, including two traffic non-exhaust (crustal/road dust, brake/tire wear) sources, along with regional and local industrial sources. Source apportionment indicated that the resuspended crustal/road dust factor was the dominant contributor to the total coarse-bound trace element (i.e., Fe, Ti, Ba, Cu, Zn, Sb, Cr) concentrations produced by vehicular exhaust and non-exhaust traffic-related processes that have been deposited onto the surface. The second non-exhaust factor related to brake/tire wear abrasion accounted for a considerable portion of the fine and coarse elemental (i.e., Ba, Fe, Cu, Zn, Sb) mass at both near-road sites. Regional and local industry contributed mostly to the fine elemental (i.e., S, As, Se, Cd, Pb) concentrations. Overall, the results show that non-exhaust traffic-related processes were major contributors to the various redox-active metal species (i.e., Fe, Cu) in both PM fractions. In addition, a substantial proportion of these metals in PM2.5 was water-soluble, which is an important contributor to the formation of reactive oxygen species and, thus, may lead to oxidative damage to cells in the human body. It appears that controlling traffic non-exhaust-related metals emissions, in the absence of significant point sources in the area, could have a pronounced effect on the redox activity of PM, with broad implications for the protection of public health.

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Section: Water-soluble Metal(oids)mentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Water-soluble Metal(oids)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insights into Elemental Composition and Sources of Fine and Coarse Particulate Matter in Dense Traffic Areas in Toronto and Vancouver, Canada

Celo

Yassine

Da̧bek-Złotorzyńska

2021

Toxics

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“…CC BY 4.0 License. Shahpoury et al, 2021). In addition, the oxidant content of ambient aerosol particles controls their ageing time scales and interactions with the biosphere (Pöschl and Shiraiwa, 2015).…”

Section: Ros Budgets and Oxidative Potential (Op)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The number fraction of iron-containing particles affects OH, HO2 and H2O2 budgets in the atmospheric aqueous phase

Khaled

Zhang

Ervens

2021

Preprint

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Abstract. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as OH, HO2, H2O2 affect the oxidation capacity of the atmosphere and cause adverse health effects of particulate matter. The role of transition metal ions (TMIs) in impacting the ROS concentrations and conversions in the atmospheric aqueous phase has been recognized for a long time. Model studies usually assume that the total TMI concentration as measured in bulk aerosol or cloud water samples is distributed equally across all particles or droplets. This assumption is contrary to single-particle measurements that have shown that only a small number fraction of particles contain iron and other TMIs (FN,Fe < 100 %) which implies that also not all cloud droplets contain TMIs. In the current study, we apply a box model with an explicit multiphase chemical mechanism to simulate ROS formation and cycling in (i) aqueous aerosol particles and (ii) cloud droplets. Model simulations are performed for the range of 1 % ≤ FN,Fe ≤ 100 % for constant pH values of 3, 4.5 and 6 and constant total iron concentration (10 or 50 . Model results are compared for two sets of simulations with FN,Fe < 100 % (FeN < 100) and 100 % (FeBulk). We find largest differences between model results in OH and HO2/O2− concentrations at pH = 6. Under these conditions, HO2 is subsaturated in the aqueous phase because of its high effective Henry's law constant and the fast chemical loss reactions of the O2− radical anion. As the main reduction of process of Fe(III) is its reaction with HO2/O2−, we show that the HO2 subsaturation leads to predicted Fe(II)/Fe(total) ratios for FN,Fe < 100 % that are lower by a factor of ≤ 2 as compared to bulk model approaches. This trend is largely independent of the total iron concentration, as both chemical source and sink rates of HO2/O2− scale with the iron concentration. The chemical radical (OH, HO2) loss in particles is usually compensated by its uptake from the gas phase. We compare model-derived reactive uptake parameters γ(OH) and γ(HO2) for the full range of FN,Fe. While γ(OH) is not affected by the iron distribution, the calculated γ(HO2) range from 0.0004 to 0.03 for FN,Fe = 1 % and 100 %, respectively. Implications of these findings are discussed for the application of lab-derived γ(HO2) in models to present reactive HO2 uptake on aerosols. As the oxidant budget in aerosol particles and cloud droplets is related to the oxidative potential, we also conclude that the iron distribution FN,Fe should be taken into account to estimate the ROS concentrations and health impacts of particulate matter that might be overestimated by bulk sampling and model approaches. Our study suggests that the number concentration of iron-containing particles may be more important than the total iron mass concentration in determining ROS budgets and uptake rates in cloud and aerosol water.

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“…Fang et al [119] demonstrated almost in a Venn-diagram way that watersoluble Cu was found only the presence of highly acidic sulfates (see Figure 6). Noticeable correlation between water-soluble Fe, pH, and concentrations of sulfate SO 4 2− in Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver, which suggested that acid processing contributed to Fe solubility in the aerosol aqueous phase [134]. Similarly, Brehmer et al [135] confirmed that elements associated with the secondary sulfate source (As, Mo, Zn) had the strongest correlation with increased cellular oxidative potential, while chemical markers of biomass burning (water-soluble K and water-soluble OC) had negligible OP.…”

Section: Role Of Metals In Oxidative Stress and Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Fossil Fuel Combustion Metals in PM2.5 Air Pollution Health Associations

2021

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In this review, we elucidate the central role played by fossil fuel combustion in the health-related effects that have been associated with inhalation of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5). We especially focus on individual properties and concentrations of metals commonly found in PM air pollution, as well as their sources and their adverse health effects, based on both epidemiologic and toxicological evidence. It is known that transition metals, such as Ni, V, Fe, and Cu, are highly capable of participating in redox reactions that produce oxidative stress. Therefore, particles that are enriched, per unit mass, in these metals, such as those from fossil fuel combustion, can have greater potential to produce health effects than other ambient particulate matter. Moreover, fossil fuel combustion particles also contain varying amounts of sulfur, and the acidic nature of the resulting sulfur compounds in particulate matter (e.g., as ammonium sulfate, ammonium bisulfate, or sulfuric acid) makes transition metals in particles more bioavailable, greatly enhancing the potential of fossil fuel combustion PM2.5 to cause oxidative stress and systemic health effects in the human body. In general, there is a need to further recognize particulate matter air pollution mass as a complex source-driven mixture, in order to more effectively quantify and regulate particle air pollution exposure health risks.

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The influence of chemical composition, aerosol acidity, and metal dissolution on the oxidative potential of fine particulate matter and redox potential of the lung lining fluid

Cited by 59 publications

References 102 publications

Insights into Elemental Composition and Sources of Fine and Coarse Particulate Matter in Dense Traffic Areas in Toronto and Vancouver, Canada

Insights into Elemental Composition and Sources of Fine and Coarse Particulate Matter in Dense Traffic Areas in Toronto and Vancouver, Canada

The number fraction of iron-containing particles affects OH, HO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> budgets in the atmospheric aqueous phase

The Role of Fossil Fuel Combustion Metals in PM2.5 Air Pollution Health Associations

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The influence of chemical composition, aerosol acidity, and metal dissolution on the oxidative potential of fine particulate matter and redox potential of the lung lining fluid

Cited by 59 publications

References 102 publications

Insights into Elemental Composition and Sources of Fine and Coarse Particulate Matter in Dense Traffic Areas in Toronto and Vancouver, Canada

Insights into Elemental Composition and Sources of Fine and Coarse Particulate Matter in Dense Traffic Areas in Toronto and Vancouver, Canada

The number fraction of iron-containing particles affects OH, HO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; budgets in the atmospheric aqueous phase

The Role of Fossil Fuel Combustion Metals in PM2.5 Air Pollution Health Associations

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The number fraction of iron-containing particles affects OH, HO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> budgets in the atmospheric aqueous phase