SUMMARY Aim:We evaluated the effects of 5% NaOCl solution, 17% EDTA solution, and RC-Prep on the amount of apically extruded debris and the incidence of dentinal cracks during canal preparation using the ProTaper Next and Reciproc systems. Materials and Methods: In total, 255 human mandibular incisors were divided into eight groups (n=30 each) and a control group (n=15). Teeth in groups 1 (NaOCl), 2 (EDTA), 3 (RC-Prep), and 4 (EDTA+RC-Prep) were prepared using the ProTaper Next system, and those in groups 5 (NaOCl), 6 (EDTA), 7 (RC-Prep), and 8 (EDTA+RC-Prep) were prepared using the Reciproc system. Apical extrusion and crack formation were each examined in 15 teeth from each group. Extruded debris was collected in pre-weighed Eppendorf tubes. In the crack detection study, teeth were sectioned horizontally at 3, 6, and 9 mm from the apex. The slices were then viewed through a stereomicroscope at ×25 magnification.