The influence of certain conditions prior to learning upon subsequent recall.

Whitely, Paul L.; Blankenship, A. B.

doi:10.1037/h0059264

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…1. There can be little doubt that similarity (formal or meaningful) between the first and second activities is an important condition determining PI (1, 13,21). In fact, some confidence can be placed in assuming that without a certain amount of formal or meaningful similarity, reliable amounts of inhibition will not be present.…”

Section: Conditions Influencing Proactive Inhibitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of successive interpolations on retroactive and proactive inhibition.

Underwood¹

1945

Psychological Monographs

139

128

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This monograph is based upon a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in the Department of Psychology, in the Graduate College of the State University of Iowa. The writer is deeply indebted to the late Professor John A. McGeoch under whom these experiments were planned. His influence will be evident throughout the monograph. Much appreciation is also expressed to Professor Kenneth W. Spence whose criticisms have been especially valuable in making the theoretical analysis.

show abstract

Section: Conditions Influencing Proactive Inhibitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of successive interpolations on retroactive and proactive inhibition.

Underwood¹

1945

Psychological Monographs

139

128

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This prediction amounts to saying that interference as a function of generalization can be measured equally as well by a recall test of list 2 as by a learning measure. Whitely and Blankenship (43) used this measure to demonstrate interference in recall of a second list when the material learned consisted of monosyllabic words preceded in the first list by other such words or by nonsense syllables. The method of complete presentation was employed.…”

Section: S B Ilfementioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic application of the concepts of generalization and differentiation to verbal learning.

Gibson¹

1940

Psychological Review

300

194

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…He hypothesized that this pattern of differential disruption indicated interference related to the degree of perceptual similarity between the photographs employed in the test of preference for novelty and the interfering stimuli-with the line drawings being less Copyright 1990 Psychonomic Society, Inc. similar than rotated photographs, and the upright photographs being highly similar. This interpretation is consistent with the Skaggs-Robinson hypothesis (Robinson, 1927) of interference in adult recall, in which interference varies as a function of stimulus similarity.In the present experiment, we investigated differential disruption of memory in infants in a procedure analogous to that which produces proactive interference in adults (Underwood, 1957;Whitely, 1936). We reasoned that if memory in human infants is analogous to memory in older children and adults, then proactive interference effects should be demonstrable.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the present experiment, we investigated differential disruption of memory in infants in a procedure analogous to that which produces proactive interference in adults (Underwood, 1957;Whitely, 1936). We reasoned that if memory in human infants is analogous to memory in older children and adults, then proactive interference effects should be demonstrable.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Proactive interference in infant recognition memory

Tyrrell

Snowman

Beier

et al. 1990

Bull. Psychon. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Preference for novel photographs of faces was tested in 5-to 7 -month-old infants following three different proactive interfering conditions that replicated those in which retroactive interference had previously been demonstrated by Fagan (1973). One group of infants was presented with three successive presentations of upside-down caricatures of faces prior to the familiarization and novelty test, whereas the other two groups experienced three successive presentations of either upside-down or upright photographs of faces. Consistent with demonstrations of retroactive interference, preference for novelty existed following presentation of the rotated caricatures but not following rotated photographs. However, contrary to the effects due to retroaction, upright photographs did not lead to a preference for novelty. This differential disruption of preference for novelty is discussed as indicating either the existence of proactive interference in which the effects of perceptual similarity are different from those of retroaction, or the presence of a differential release from proactive interference that does not operate in retroaction.Using the paired-comparison test of preference for novelty, Fagan (1970Fagan ( , 1973 demonstrated that infant recognition memory is quite robust, lasting over a period of 2 weeks following a 2-min exposure to a to-beremembered stimulus. Furthermore, he demonstrated several parallels between infant and adult memory phenomena, including differential forgetting due to retroactive interference and the elimination of interference effects if the presentation of the interfering event was delayed for 3 h following the initial recognition test-an effect consistent with the consolidation theory proposed by Hebb in 1949.Directly relevant to the current investigation was Fagan's demonstration that delayed recognition of photographs of human faces by 21-to 25-week-old infants was disrupted by presentation of upside-down photographs of similar faces following the initial familiarization period. However, disruption was not created by upside-down line drawings of faces or by presentation of upright photographs of similar faces. He hypothesized that this pattern of differential disruption indicated interference related to the degree of perceptual similarity between the photographs employed in the test of preference for novelty and the interfering stimuli-with the line drawings being less Copyright 1990 Psychonomic Society, Inc. similar than rotated photographs, and the upright photographs being highly similar. This interpretation is consistent with the Skaggs-Robinson hypothesis (Robinson, 1927) of interference in adult recall, in which interference varies as a function of stimulus similarity.In the present experiment, we investigated differential disruption of memory in infants in a procedure analogous to that which produces proactive interference in adults (Underwood, 1957;Whitely, 1936). We reasoned that if memory in human infants is analogous to memory in older children and adults, then proactive int...

show abstract

The influence of certain conditions prior to learning upon subsequent recall.

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

The effect of successive interpolations on retroactive and proactive inhibition.

The effect of successive interpolations on retroactive and proactive inhibition.

A systematic application of the concepts of generalization and differentiation to verbal learning.

Proactive interference in infant recognition memory

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About