The influence of carbon dioxide on PEM fuel cell anodes

Bruijn, F.A. de; Papageorgopoulos, Dimitrios; Sitters, E.F.; Janssen, G.J.M.

doi:10.1016/s0378-7753(02)00227-6

Cited by 148 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…With respect to contamination impact observation, the effects on fuel cell performance of impurities such as CO, CO 2 ,H 2 S, and NH 3 in the fuel feed [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] and SO x ,N O x ,H 2 S, and NH 3 [16,[21][22][23][24] in the air stream have been extensively examined. A study of battlefield air impurities such as benzene, propane, HCN, CNCL, sarin, and sulfur mustard has also been reported [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A general model for air-side proton exchange membrane fuel cell contamination

Shi

Song

et al. 2009

Journal of Power Sources

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This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues.Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. This paper presents a general model for air-side feed stream contamination that has the capability of simulating both transient and steady-state performance of a PEM fuel cell in the presence of air-side feed stream impurities. The model is developed based on the oxygen reduction reaction mechanism, contaminant surface adsorption/desorption, and electrochemical reaction kinetics. The model is then applied to the study of air-side toluene contamination. Experimental data for toluene contamination at four current densities (0.2, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 A cm −2 ) and three contamination levels (1, 5 and 10 ppm) were used to validate the model. In addition, it is expected that, with parameter adjustment, this model can also be used to predict performance degradation caused by other air impurities such as nitrogen oxides (NO x ) and sulfur oxides (SO x ). Crown

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A general model for air-side proton exchange membrane fuel cell contamination

Shi

Song

et al. 2009

Journal of Power Sources

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“…The maximum decrease at 0.6 Acm -2 , 15 mV, was observed for MEA 3. In low temperature PEMFCs, the formation of CO via the reverse water-gas shift reaction on platinum surface can affect the anode catalyst activity [12], however, at high temperatures such 160 ºC-180ºC, the CO adsorption is disfavored and the removal by electro-oxidation of adsorbed species favored. Additionally, in the present work, the hydrogen stoichiometry was kept when pure hydrogen was replaced by the CO 2 mixture and the small decrease in the voltage values can be associated mainly with a dilution effect.…”

Section: Fuel Cell Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of CO 2 in the reformate dilutes the fuel and limits the maximum current density of the fuel cell and can have a negative effect due to formation of CO via the reverse water-gas shift reaction on platinum surface [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of impurities in high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells performance

Boaventura

Alves

Ribeirinha

et al. 2016

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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This work investigates the influence of carbon dioxide and non-reacted methanol, present in the reformate stream obtained via methanol steam reforming, in the performance of high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFC), operating between 160 °C and 180 °C.The HT-PEMFC anode was fed with pure hydrogen, hydrogen balanced with carbon dioxide (75 % / 25 % vol.) and synthetic reformate mixture, considering also vaporized methanol solution in the reformate content (up to 10 % vol.). The synthetic reformate was feed during cycles of 420 min. The fuel cell was characterized based on the polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis. Additionally, acid-base titrations were performed to access the phosphoric acid content in different sections of the MEAs as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM).A low impact in the fuel cell performance was observed when three cycles of synthetic reformate containing methanol solution were performed. When the number of cycles was increased, the performance of HT-PEMFC decreases and irreversible degradation of performance was observed. The cycles with synthetic reformate increased the ohmic resistance and high frequency resistance associated with anodic processes, but decreased the intermediate frequency resistance associated with cathodic processes. Additionally, by increasing the number of cycles, the phosphoric acid content of Celtec ® MEAs and the thickness of the membrane decreased. Keywords:Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell Polybenzimidazole Reformate gas Methanol Impurities effectElectrochemical impedance spectroscopy

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“…The purities of H 2 and O 2 used in the PEM hydrogen fuel cell are critical issues. The catalytic activity of the platinum electrodes in a PEM fuel cell is poisoned by the presence of trace amounts of CO, NH 3 , H 2 S and HCN in the H 2 [4,11,14], as well as by the presence of trace amounts of SO 2 and H 2 S in the O 2 (air) [15]. Presence of CH 4 in the H 2 is regarded to be inert towards the performance of the electrodes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Presence of CH 4 in the H 2 is regarded to be inert towards the performance of the electrodes. CO 2 itself is also regarded to be inert, but the formation of trace CO by reverse water gas shift reaction (RWGS) at the anode [CO 2 + H 2 ↔ CO + H 2 O] due to the presence of CO 2 in H 2 can have the same detrimental effect as in the presence of trace CO in H 2 [14]. Figure 2 shows thermodynamic estimation of CO formation by reaction between CO 2 and H 2 at different temperatures of operation of a PEM fuel cell [14].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%