The Influence of Cannabis and Nicotine Co-use on Neuromaturation: A Systematic Review of Adolescent and Young Adult Studies

Mejia, Margie Hernandez; Wade, Natasha E.; Baca, Rachel; Díaz, Vanessa; Jacobus, Joanna

doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.09.021

Cited by 25 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…Higher levels of nicotine use also conferred verbal memory disadvantages, but in the current study, nicotine use was rare and largely comorbid with cannabis use in smokers/vapers, thus the study was not optimized to fully dissociate effects of the two substances. Co-use of nicotine is common in cannabis-using adolescents, often at higher levels than we observed (Mejia et al, 2021;Kennedy, Caraballo, Rolle, & Rock, 2016;Schauer, Berg, Kegler, Donovan, & Windle, 2016). A recent review (Mejia et al, 2021) noted that although attempts have been made to isolate independent effects of each substance, focused studies of co-users are limited currently with only 9 human and three preclinical studies available for analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Although many studies provide evidence of relative decrements in cognition in recreational cannabis users, few have followed adolescents from a substance naïve pre-initiation period into the initiation of use. Fewer still have distinguished the effects of cannabis, nicotine, and alcohol use on cognitive outcomes even though cannabis users frequently report use of other substances (Mejia, Wade, Baca, Diaz, & Jacobus, 2021;Patrick, Terry-McElrath, Lee, & Schulenberg, 2019). This study expanded upon our prior analyses of cognition in daily cannabis users (Becker et al, 2014(Becker et al, , 2018 and focused on the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Task, a commonly used measure of verbal learning and memory, as well as the Iowa Gambling Task, a measure of feedback-guided decision-making.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Initiation of Moderately Frequent Cannabis use in Adolescence and Young Adulthood is Associated with Declines in Verbal Learning and Memory: A Longitudinal Comparison of Pre- versus Post-Initiation Cognitive Performance

Ajmera

Collins

Weiss

et al. 2021

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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Objective:Cannabis use is associated with relative cognitive weaknesses as observed by cross-sectional as well as longitudinal research. Longitudinal studies, controlling for relevant confounds, are necessary to differentiate premorbid from post-initiation contributions to these effects.Methods:We followed a sample of adolescents and young adults across ten years. Participants provided neurocognitive data and substance use information at two-year intervals. Participants who initiated cannabis and/or alcohol use were identified (n = 86) and split into alcohol-only initiators (n = 39) and infrequent (n = 29) and moderately frequent (n = 18) cannabis initiators. Participants completed the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Task (RAVLT) and the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). Group differences before and after substance use initiation and the extent to which alcohol, nicotine, and cannabis use frequencies contributed to cognitive functions over time were examined.Results:After controlling for parental education, RAVLT new learning was worse in moderately frequent cannabis users prior to use initiation. RAVLT total learning and delayed recall showed significant declines from pre- to post-initiation in moderately frequent cannabis users. Regression analyses confirmed that frequencies of cannabis, but not alcohol, use contributed to post-initiation variations. Nicotine use showed an independent negative association with delayed memory. Findings for the IGT were not significant.Conclusions:Verbal learning and memory may be disrupted following the initiation of moderately frequent cannabis use while decreased new learning may represent a premorbid liability. Our use of a control group of alcohol-only users adds interpretive clarity to the findings and suggests that future studies should carefully control for comorbid substance use.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initiation of Moderately Frequent Cannabis use in Adolescence and Young Adulthood is Associated with Declines in Verbal Learning and Memory: A Longitudinal Comparison of Pre- versus Post-Initiation Cognitive Performance

Ajmera

Collins

Weiss

et al. 2021

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Similarly, a connection between prenatal cannabis exposure (mostly combined with tobacco) and cortical thickness was suggested [ 61 ]. Nevertheless, consequences of recurrent nicotine and cannabis co-stimulation during adolescence still remain understudied [ 62 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco and Nervous System Development and Function—New Findings 2015–2020

et al. 2021

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Tobacco is a one of the most common addictive stimulants used by people around the world. The smoke generated during tobacco combustion is a toxic mixture of more than 5000 chemicals of which over 30 are known human carcinogens. While its negative effects on the human body are well understood, it remains a serious public health problem. One of the multiple effects of smoking is tobacco’s effect on the nervous system—its development and function. This review aims to summarize the progress made in research on the effects of tobacco on the nervous system both of the perinatal period and adults and both in animals and humans in 2015–2020. The 1245 results that corresponded to the keywords “tobacco, cigarette, nervous system, brain, morphology, function” were reviewed, of which 200 abstracts were considered significant. Most of those articles broadened the knowledge about the negative effects of smoking on the human nervous system. Tobacco has a significant negative impact on the development of nervous structures, neurotransmission and cognitive functions, and promotes the development of neurodegenerative diseases, insomnia and cerebrovascular diseases. The only exception is the protective effect of the dopaminergic system in Parkinson’s disease. In conclusion, in recent years much effort has been devoted to describing, revealing and uncovering new aspects of tobacco detrimental to human life. The nicotine contained in tobacco smoke affects the human body in a multidimensional way, including a serious impact on the broadly understood neurological health.

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“…Mental Health, Cognition, and School Performance Studies in adults have documented that dual cannabis use disorder and nicotine dependence were associated with poor mental health outcomes (Peters et al 2014). A recent systematic review found that there is a gap in the existing literature, whereby there are no studies that have explored the combined effect of nicotine with cannabis on changes in the brain in teenagers specifically, but they noted that studies in adults have found reductions in hippocampal volume in dual users (Hernandez Mejia et al 2021).…”

Section: Health Effects Of Dual Nicotine and Cannabis Vape Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

E-cigarette Polysubstance Vaping in Youth

Lyzwinski

Eisenberg

2022

Handbook of Substance Misuse and Addictions

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In recent years, electronic cigarettes (vaping products) have increasingly gained popularity among young adult and teenage consumers. Although e-cigarettes may be viewed as a viable replacement or harm reduction strategy in adult smokers, exposure of these products to minors and youth has public health consequences. This chapter discusses the rise in the use of electronic cigarettes, trends, and the problems with polysubstance use in teenage and young adult vapers. The gateway hypothesis is discussed in relation to smoking and initiation of downstream co-substance use in youth, with a particular emphasis on vaping nicotine and cannabis. The chapter covers the physical and mental health effects associated with vaping cannabis and nicotine in youth and offers intervention and policy recommendations.

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The Influence of Cannabis and Nicotine Co-use on Neuromaturation: A Systematic Review of Adolescent and Young Adult Studies

Cited by 25 publications

References 88 publications

Initiation of Moderately Frequent Cannabis use in Adolescence and Young Adulthood is Associated with Declines in Verbal Learning and Memory: A Longitudinal Comparison of Pre- versus Post-Initiation Cognitive Performance

Initiation of Moderately Frequent Cannabis use in Adolescence and Young Adulthood is Associated with Declines in Verbal Learning and Memory: A Longitudinal Comparison of Pre- versus Post-Initiation Cognitive Performance

Tobacco and Nervous System Development and Function—New Findings 2015–2020

E-cigarette Polysubstance Vaping in Youth

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