The fatigue life of APS TBC under TMF loading has been studied. Failure can be by spallation from convex surfaces, spallation from flat or nearly flat surfaces and spallation from sharp edges. The damage evolution leading to final failure has been studied experimentally, and based on the experimental observations, a fracture-mechanical model for the formation and growth of cracks in or near the thermally grown oxide and for the final failure of the TBC has been set up.
INTRODUCTIONThe concept of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) is well-known among gas-turbine designers. The fundamental idea of a TBC is that an insulating ceramic top coat (TC) is used for thermal protection of components which are exposed to hot gas (e.g., combustor linings, turbine guide vanes and turbine blades). Between the substrate and the TC there is generally a bond coat (BC), which is a metallic alloy with double purposes. On one hand, it improves the adhesion between the substrate and the TC, and on the other hand it protects the substrate from high-temperature oxidation by itself oxidising into oxides with less unfavourable properties than oxides forming directly on the substrate would have had.Depending on the application method there exist two main types of TBC, namely air-plasmasprayed (APS) and electron-beam physical-vapour-deposited (EB-PVD). EB-PVD TBCs are mainly used in aeroengine turbine vanes and blades, while larger components, such as burner liners and turbine vanes and blades in stationary gas-turbine engines mainly use APS TBC. The TMF properties are quite different for the two types, and this article is therefore limited to the analysis of APS TBC.