The influence of body mass index (BMI) on the reproducibility of surface topography measurements

Knott, Patrick; Mardjetko, Steven; Tager, David; Hund, R; Thompson, Samantha E.

doi:10.1186/1748-7161-7-s1-o18

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…While we expected larger BMIs would increase variability, no significant differences in variability were observed up to a BMI of 35.0. Similar findings were reported for small subsets of parameters [8,16,20], but no study evaluated the full extent of the defined spine shape parameters as in the current study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…e formetric 4D reports 40 named spine shape parameters. Evidence indicates that subsets of these parameters are reliable in healthy participants [8,[14][15][16][17] and in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis [1,2,18,19] when measurements are collected within a day [1,2,8,[14][15][16][17][18][19][20], over several days [14,15,17,19], and by different technicians [16,18,19]. Of the 29 of 40 parameters previously studied, 21 were evaluated in only a single study [8,17,19], and only one study reported the SDC for 7 parameters [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reliability of the DIERS Formetric 4D Spine Shape Parameters in Adults without Postural Deformities

Degenhardt

Starks

Bhatia

2020

BioMed Research International

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The DIERS formetric 4D provides a safe method to monitor and track the progression of postural deformities over time. However, further evaluation of reliability is necessary. Reference values are also needed to indicate postural change. The current study examined the reliability of spine shape parameters produced by the formetric 4D in adults without postural abnormalities and established reference values to determine when real change occurs. Thirty participants were scanned during 1 week. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated for 40 spine shape parameters for scans with participants stationary between scans, scans with repositioning between scans, and between days. Within-day and between-day standard error of measurement (SEM), absolute relative SEM, and smallest detectable change (SDC) were reported. ICC for stationary scans was excellent for 29 parameters, good for 10 parameters, and fair for 1 parameter. With repositioning, ICC was excellent for 27 parameters, good for 12 parameters, and fair for 1 parameter. Between days, ICC was excellent for 26 parameters, good for 10 parameters, and fair for 4 parameters. Within-day SEM% was greater than 10% for 6 parameters. Within-day SDC ranged from 1.80 to 25.03 units for a single scan and from 0.97 to 17.93 units for 6 scans. Between-day SEM% was greater than 10% for 9 parameters. Between-day SDC ranged from 1.44 to 28.24 units for a single scan and from 1.05 to 22.2 units for 6 scans. Thirty-six of the 40 spine shape parameters from the DIERS formetric 4D reliably distinguished between participants over time. Reference values were established that can be used to track patient postural change over time. Future research should investigate the clinical relevance of these 40 spine shape parameters and determine when a clinically important change in posture occurs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability of the DIERS Formetric 4D Spine Shape Parameters in Adults without Postural Deformities

Degenhardt

Starks

Bhatia

2020

BioMed Research International

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“…Regarding the limitations of body habitus, the measurements using surface topography were shown to still be reliable when creating an accurate spinal model up to a BMI of 29 [ 25 ]. Additionally, Weiss and Seibel's article titled “ Can surface topography replace radiography in the management of patients with scoliosis?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Reproducibility of Motion Analysis Scanning of the Spine during Walking

Gipsman

Rauschert

Daneshvar

et al. 2014

Advances in Medicine

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The Formetric 4D dynamic system (Diers International GmbH, Schlangenbad, Germany) is a rasterstereography based imaging system designed to evaluate spinal deformity, providing radiation-free imaging of the position, rotation, and shape of the spine during the gait cycle. Purpose. This study was designed to evaluate whether repeated measurements with the Formetric 4D dynamic system would be reproducible with a standard deviation of less than +/− 3 degrees. This study looked at real-time segmental motion, measuring kyphosis, lordosis, trunk length, pelvic, and T4 and L1 vertebral body rotation. Methods. Twenty healthy volunteers each underwent 3 consecutive scans. Measurements for kyphosis, lordosis, trunk length, and rotations of T4, L1, and the pelvis were recorded for each trial. Results. The average standard deviations of same-day repeat measurements were within +/− 3 degrees with a range of 0.51 degrees to 2.3 degrees. Conclusions. The surface topography system calculated reproducible measurements with error ranges comparable to the current gold standard in dynamic spinal motion analysis. Therefore, this technique should be considered of high clinical value for reliably evaluating segmental motion and spinal curvatures and should further be evaluated in the setting of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

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“…Mohokum et al’s reliability study examined the influence of BMI above and below 24.99 and found BMI did not affect reproducibility [ 42 ]. Contrarily, Knott et al did find increased variability in scoliosis angles at greater BMIs; however, even at the highest BMIs, the variability in their scoliosis angle measurements was only +/- 4.6° [ 43 ]. ISIS2’s lateral asymmetry was also limited in patients who were extremely obese or very muscular [ 29 ].…”

Section: The History Of Surface Topography In the Prediction Of Spinamentioning

confidence: 99%

SOSORT 2012 consensus paper: reducing x-ray exposure in pediatric patients with scoliosis

Knott¹,

Pappo²,

Cameron³

et al. 2014

Scoliosis

102

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This 2012 Consensus paper reviews the literature on side effects of x-ray exposure in the pediatric population as it relates to scoliosis evaluation and treatment. Alternative methods of spinal assessment and imaging are reviewed, and strategies for reducing the number of radiographs are developed. Using the Delphi technique, SOSORT members developed consensus statements that describe how often radiographs should be taken in each of the pediatric and adolescent sub-populations.

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The influence of body mass index (BMI) on the reproducibility of surface topography measurements

Cited by 15 publications

References 2 publications

Reliability of the DIERS Formetric 4D Spine Shape Parameters in Adults without Postural Deformities

Reliability of the DIERS Formetric 4D Spine Shape Parameters in Adults without Postural Deformities

Evaluating the Reproducibility of Motion Analysis Scanning of the Spine during Walking

SOSORT 2012 consensus paper: reducing x-ray exposure in pediatric patients with scoliosis

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