“…BMSCs were first identified by Friedenstein, Chailakhyan & Gerasimov (1987) as fibroblast colonies formed by bone marrow explants. Former studies show that BMSCs can promote the homing of transplanted bone marrow cells through specific chemokines and their receptors, such as CXCL1 ( Wang et al, 2021 ), CXCL12, CCL21 and CCL27, and augment hematopoiesis by secreting multiple cytokines such as IL 6, IL 10, TGF- β ( Jin et al, 2018 ; Heirani-Tabasi et al, 2018 ; Hocking, 2015 ; Mohammadali, Abroun & Atashi, 2018 ; Kim et al, 2015 ; Köse et al, 2018 ; da Silva et al, 2022 ; Guo et al, 2018a ; Hastreiter et al, 2021 ; Sun et al, 2021 ). Moreover, the BMSCs have been shown to mitigate severe, steroid-refractory aGVHD in the liver, skin and lungs, although the exact mechanisms are unclear ( Song et al, 2015a ; Lee et al, 2015 ; Auletta et al, 2015 ; Bonig et al, 2019 ).…”