The influence of antifungal drugs on virulence properties of Candida albicans in patients with diabetes mellitus

Willis, Amanda; Coulter, Wilson A.; Fulton, Catherine; Hayes, J. R.; Bell, P. M.; Lamey, P J

doi:10.1067/moe.2001.112155

Cited by 35 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Several studies have shown that non-C. albicans species are less sensitive to certain antifungals and, consequently, are more difficult to treat. This can contribute to a greater risk for systemic infection (10,16,28,42). Although only 16% of the diabetic subjects stated a history of fungal infection and antifungal medication usage, the larger numbers of other candidal species might be attributed to the unreported use of antifungal medications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oral candidiasis is the result of yeast overgrowth and penetration of the epithelial mucosal protective barrier and is evident in patients with various conditions that exhibit immunosuppression including diabetes. Diabetic patients have an increased susceptibility to Candida and other fungal infections (1,37) and, specifically, increased rates of oral candidal infections (15,21,35,42,43). The etiology for this occurrence has only been hypothesized and has been related to metabolic changes, insulin levels, medications, neutrophil suppression, and behavioral variables.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in Human β-Defensin 1: High-Throughput SNP Assays and Association with Candida Carriage in Type I Diabetics and Nondiabetic Controls

Jurevic¹,

et al. 2003

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␤-Defensins are cationic antimicrobial peptides expressed in epithelia. They exhibit antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties. Defensins are a component of the innate immune response, and it has been proposed that they have a protective role in the oral cavity. Previous studies have shown that human ␤-defensin 1 (hBD-1) is constitutively expressed in oral epithelial cells but that expression varies between individuals. We tested the hypothesis that genetic variations in defensin peptide expression may be associated with opportunistic infections. This may be critical in the immunocompromised patient population, in which innate immune responses may have a relatively more important role. Oral Candida carriage status and the presence of six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the DEFB1 gene encoding hBD-1 were evaluated in type I diabetic patients (n ‫؍‬ 43) and nondiabetic controls (n ‫؍‬ 50). Genomic DNA was obtained from buccal swabs. Portions of the DEFB1 gene were amplified, and each SNP was analyzed by a TaqMan assay, standardized with control DNA of known genotype. Candida carriage status was determined from unstimulated saliva on CHROMagar plating medium. A low level of Candida carriage was defined as <350 CFU/ml. A high level of Candida carriage was seen in 44% of the diabetic subjects but only in 28% of the nondiabetic controls (P < 0.05). C. albicans predominated; however, diabetic subjects, especially those with high levels of carriage, showed an increased proportion of Candida glabrata and C. tropicalis. There was a strong association between an SNP in the 5 untranslated region (C3G at position ؊44) and Candida carriage in both groups. Among individuals in the diabetic population who had the SNP allele 2 (G), 58% had low CFU, while 6% had high CFU. The C3G SNP at position ؊44 is associated with low levels of Candida carriage. The resultant odd ratios are statistically significant for a protective effect (odd ratios, 25 for diabetic subjects and 8.5 for nondiabetic subjects). These results indicate that genetic variations in the DEFB1 gene encoding hBD-1 may have a major role in mediating and/or contributing to susceptibility to oral infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in Human β-Defensin 1: High-Throughput SNP Assays and Association with Candida Carriage in Type I Diabetics and Nondiabetic Controls

Jurevic¹,

et al. 2003

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“…All isolates of C. albicans were tested in triplicate, for three separate experiments, to verify the enzymatic activity of proteinases (SAPS) and phospholipases 16,28 . The proteinase culture medium was BSA (bovine serum albumin) and the phospholipase culture medium consisted of enriched egg yolk.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations of the prevalence and virulence of Candida albicans in periodontal and endodontic lesions in diabetic and normoglycemic patients

et al. 2017

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Pulpal and periodontal tissues have similar microbiota that allows cross-contamination between the pulp and periodontal tissues. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of isolated Candida albicans from periodontal endodontic lesions in diabetic and normoglycemic patients, and the fungi's virulence in different atmospheric conditions.Material and Methods A case-control study was conducted on 15 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (G1) and 15 non-diabetics (G2) with periodontal endodontic lesions. Samples of root canals and periodontal pockets were plated on CHROMagar for later identification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and virulence test.Results C. albicans was identified in 79.2% and 20.8% of the 60 samples collected from diabetic and normoglycemic patients, respectively. Of the 30 samples collected from periodontal pockets, 13 showed a positive culture for C. albicans, with 77% belonging to G1 and 23% to G2. Of the 11 positive samples from root canals, 82% were from G1 and 18% from G2. Production of proteinase presented a precipitation zone Pz<0.63 of 100% in G1 and 72% in G2, in redox and negative (Pz=1), under anaerobic conditions in both groups. Hydrophobicity of the strains from G1 indicated 16.4% with low, 19.3% with moderate, and 64.3% with high hydrophobicity in redox. In G2, 42.2% had low, 39.8% had moderate, 18% had high hydrophobicity in redox. In anaerobic conditions, G1 showed 15.2% with low, 12.8% with moderate, and 72% with high hydrophobicity; in G2, 33.6% had low, 28.8% had moderate, and 37.6% had high hydrophobicity. There was statistical difference in the number of positive cultures between G1 and G2 (p<0.05) with predominance in G1. There was statistical difference for all virulence factors, except hemolysis (p=0.001).Conclusions Candida albicans was isolated more frequently and had higher virulence in diabetic patients.

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“…2 Oral candidiasis occurs due to immunocompromised condition that commonly accompanying HIV/AIDS patients and may disturb host's immune response, one of which is the disturbed production of cytokines, such as IL-1a and TNF-a. In such condition, abnormalities in polymorphonuclear (PMN) and macrophage phagocytosis function are also found.…”

Section: Latar Belakang: Oral Candidiasis Merupakan Manifestasi Kelaimentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variability of Candida albicans in HIV/AIDS patient with and without ARV therapy and non HIV/AIDS

Rahayu

Widiyanti

Arfijanto

2012

Dent. J. (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi)

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The influence of antifungal drugs on virulence properties of Candida albicans in patients with diabetes mellitus

Cited by 35 publications

References 15 publications

Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in Human β-Defensin 1: High-Throughput SNP Assays and Association with Candida Carriage in Type I Diabetics and Nondiabetic Controls

Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in Human β-Defensin 1: High-Throughput SNP Assays and Association with Candida Carriage in Type I Diabetics and Nondiabetic Controls

Investigations of the prevalence and virulence of Candida albicans in periodontal and endodontic lesions in diabetic and normoglycemic patients

Genetic variability of Candida albicans in HIV/AIDS patient with and without ARV therapy and non HIV/AIDS

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