The influence of anthropometrics on physical employment standard performance

Reilly, Tara; Spivock, Michaël; Prayal-Brown, A.; Stockbrugger, Barry; Blacklock, Rachel E.

doi:10.1093/occmed/kqw062

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…To illustrate LBM:DM, taking the average CA member of 86 kg 8 carrying FO25, a ratio of 1.1 is synonym to 32% body fat or obesity but 1.6 results to 21% body fat which is lightly overweight if male28 . This result is somewhat contrary to previous results reporting that there was no LBM lower limit observed for performance on sandbag lifting and dragging8 . However, in the previous study, exercises were not completed wearing an external Demands of an Urban Operations Casualty Evacuation 14 load.…”

contrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Previous study in CA reported no LBM lower threshold for performance on the CAF PES 8 . Similar investigation were completed to determine if a minimal height or LBM:DM was necessary to perform on UO cas evac or FC.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…The FORCE evaluation consists of 20 meter rushes, sandbag lifts, intermittent loaded shuttle and sandbag drag. Total performance on the CMFTE was dependent on aerobic capacity, upper body and core strength 3 ; and LBM showed a high correlation with sandbag lift ability and sandbag drag, which are two of the main components of the FORCE evaluation 8 . Recent studies have supported these findings, and the importance of aerobic training combined with resistance training to improve performance on load carriage exercise in males and females which reinforces the importance of modifiable characteristics such as strength and aerobic capacity in military occupations 9 10 11 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FORCE Combat replicates the physical demands of performing a loaded advance to contact march (5km), followed by a casualty evacuation in an urban operation environment (UO cas evac). Casualty evacuation is a core competency in the CA 8 , however, no previous study has investigated modifiable and non-modifiable factors affecting performance on UO cas evac or its predictor test FC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors Affecting Performance on an Army Urban Operation Casualty Evacuation for Male and Female Soldiers

et al. 2019

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Introduction This study was conducted to determine what physical and physiological characteristics contribute to the performance of an urban operation casualty evacuation (UO) and its predictive test, FORCE combat (FC) and describe the metabolic demand of the UO in female soldiers. Methods Seventeen military members (9 M and 8 F) completed a loaded walking maximal aerobic test, the UO and FC. Heart rate reserve (HRR) and completion time were used as efficiency/performance measures. Oxygen consumption (VO2) was directly measured for UO on five female participants with a portable indirect calorimetry system, and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to determine the contribution of the non-modifiable (age, sex, height) and modifiable characteristics (lean body mass to dead mass ratio (LBM:DM), VO2max corrected for load (L.VO2max), peak force (PF) measured on an isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) and medicine ball chest throw distance (Dist) on to the performance of each exercise. Results LBM:DM and PF were the only factors included in the stepwise regression model for UO, predicting 70% of UO performance (p < 0.01). For FC, L.VO2max only was included in the stepwise regression model predicting 54% of FC performance (p < 0.01). Sex, age and height were not included in the regression model. The average metabolic cost of UO was 21.4 mL of O2*kg−1*min−1 in female soldiers while wearing PPE. Conclusion This study showed that modifiable factors such as body composition, PF on IMTP and L.VO2max are key contributors to performance on UO and FC performance.

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contrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors Affecting Performance on an Army Urban Operation Casualty Evacuation for Male and Female Soldiers

et al. 2019

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“…Given the moderate ( r = −0.515) to strong ( r = 0.698) relationships between the PCT and the physical ability test (PAT: 2.4 km run, vertical jump, push-ups, and grips strength), it could be proposed that, in general, the males in this cohort were stronger, more powerful and had a high aerobic capacity than the females in this cohort ( 34 , 35 ). One noted reason for this greater level of strength and power, both of which would be of importance in the tasks performed as part of the PCT ( 34 ), is that males typically possess greater lean body mass compared to females ( 23 , 36 , 37 ). The importance of lean body mass has been noted by Reilly et al ( 37 ) who found lean body mass was significantly correlated with lifting and pulling tasks in a population of Canadian armed forces soldiers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profiling the New Zealand Police Trainee Physical Competency Test

Dawes

Scott

Canetti

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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Police officers require a certain amount of occupational fitness to successfully perform physically demanding tasks. As such, trainees are required to undergo training to develop their ability to perform such tasks. The physical competency test (PCT) is a 400 m obstacle course consisting of key police occupational physical tasks used to evaluate a trainee's ability to complete tasks that a police officer is expected to perform whilst on duty. The purpose of this study was to profile the PCT in a police recruit population to provide an indication of the current level of occupational fitness within a policing population to inform conditioning requirements. Retrospective data for 813 male (age = 27.41 ± 5.92 years, body mass = 83.98 ± 14.03 kg, height = 179.23 ± 10.50 cm, BMI = 25.85 ± 3.92 kg/m2) and 372 female (mean age = 27.01 ± 6.45 years, mean weight = 67.14 ± 8.60 kg, mean height = 168.14 ± 6.46 cm and mean BMI = 23.61 ± 2.52 kg/m2) police trainees from the New Zealand Police Constabulary Recruitment database were provided for analysis. Anthropometric data, including height, body mass, and BMI were provided, in addition to trainee PCT time. Data were split by sex and age. Significant differences were observed between sexes for all anthropometric measures and PCT time (p < 0.001). Generally, in both the male and female groups, younger recruits tended to perform better than the older recruits with results between the “under 20” and the 20–24-year-old-age groups performing significantly better than the 35–39-year-old-age group in both sexes, and the 25–29-year-old-age group performing significantly better than the 35–39-year-old-age group in female officers. The data provided in this study provides a profile for performance of male and female recruits of various ages on the PCT in preparation for entry, or re-entry following injury, into the NZ Police. However, given that the PCT is considered a measure of occupational task performance, consideration should be given to the use of sex and age neutral requirements as the occupational tasks performed by police officers exhibit the same traits regardless of sex or age. Older trainees may therefore need conditioning to improve PCT times and subsequently occupational performance.

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Physiological characteristics predictive of passing military physical employment standard tasks for ground close combat occupations in men and women

Feigel,

Sterczala,

Krajewski

et al. 2024

European Journal of Sport Science

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Challenges for some women meeting the physical employment standards (PES) for ground close combat (GCC) roles stem from physical fitness and anthropometric characteristics. The purpose of this study was to identify the modifiable and nonmodifiable characteristics predictive of passing GCC‐based PES tasks and determine the modifiable characteristics suitable to overcome nonmodifiable limitations. 107 adults (46 women) underwent multiday testing assessing regional and total lean mass (LM), percent body fat (BF%), aerobic capacity (V̇O2peak), strength, power, and PES performance. Predictors with p‐value <0.200 were included in stepwise logistic regression analysis or binary logistic regression when outcomes among sexes were insufficient. Relative and absolute arm LM (OR: 4.617–8.522, p < 0.05), leg LM (OR: 2.463, p < 0.05), and upper body power (OR: 2.061, p < 0.05) predicted medicine ball chest throw success. Relative and absolute arm LM (OR: 3.734–11.694, p < 0.05), absolute trunk LM (OR: 2.576, p < 0.05), and leg LM (OR: 2.088, p < 0.05) predicted casualty drag success. Upper body power (OR: 3.910, p < 0.05), absolute trunk LM (OR: 2.387, p < 0.05), leg LM (OR: 2.290, p < 0.05), and total LM (OR: 1.830, p < 0.05) predicted maximum single lift success. Relative and absolute arm LM (OR: 3.488–7.377, p < 0.05), leg LM (OR: 1.965, p < 0.05), and upper body power (OR: 1.957, p < 0.05) predicted water can carry success. %BF (OR: 0.814, p = 0.007), V̇O2peak (OR: 1.160, p = 0.031), and lower body strength (OR: 1.059, p < 0.001) predicted repeated lift and carry success. V̇O2peak (OR: 1.540, p < 0.001) predicted 2‐km ruck march success. Modifiable characteristics were the strongest predictors for GCC‐based PES task success to warrant their improvement for enhancing PES performance for women.

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The influence of anthropometrics on physical employment standard performance

Cited by 13 publications

References 6 publications

Factors Affecting Performance on an Army Urban Operation Casualty Evacuation for Male and Female Soldiers

Factors Affecting Performance on an Army Urban Operation Casualty Evacuation for Male and Female Soldiers

Profiling the New Zealand Police Trainee Physical Competency Test

Physiological characteristics predictive of passing military physical employment standard tasks for ground close combat occupations in men and women

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