The influence of anthropogenic heat fluxes on the temperature and wind regimes of the Moscow and St. Petersburg regions

Abstract

Anthropogenic heat fluxes (AHF) have a significant impact on the weather and climate characteristics of urbanized territories. AHF plays a crucial role in the formation of an urban heat island. The structure of the urban heat island is determined not only by the AHF distribution but also by the location of the city. Moscow and St. Petersburg are the two largest Russian cities located in significantly different climatic conditions with the highest value of the AHF. In this article we compare the influence of the AHF on the temperature and wind regimes in Moscow and St. Petersburg regions.

The ecological resource of an urbanized territory

“…As for the price behaviour in the market of new buildings for the 9 months of 2020, the price growth rate in the primary housing market exceeded the average one in Russia (10.4%) in Moscow Urban regulation and management of housing and public utilities (16.5 %), the Moscow region (16.4 %), St. Petersburg (13.1 %) and the Kaliningrad region (11.6 %) 5 .…”

“…odern cities are highly complex systems that represent a combination of material and nonmaterial elements of the vital activity conducted by the population [1][2][3]. Numerous studies, carried out in many countries, including Russia, have assessed the impact of urban development [4,5] and urban economy on the environment and humans [6][7][8][9][10], since they are focused on the directions of urban development that ensure a high-quality and safe living environment [11][12][13][14][15].…”