The Influence of Animal- or Plant-Based Diets on Blood and Urine Trimethylamine-N-Oxide (TMAO) Levels in Humans

Lombardo, Mauro; Aulisa, Giovanni; Marcon, Daniele; Rizzo, Gianluca

doi:10.1007/s13668-021-00387-9

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Additionally, in another short-term 8-week RCTs on PBD, participants achieved weight loss, blood pressure reduction, plus a reduction in low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and cholesterol levels (52) a beneficial role in lowering cardiovascular mortality and CVD according to the findings of a meta-analysis and systematic review of prospect cohort studies (53). Interestingly, another study reported that, PBD (which included Mediterranean, vegetarian, and vegan diets) improved TMAO levels, whereas animal-based diets appear to have the contrary effect (54). However, long-term data on compliance to PBD and weight regain, as well as cardiometabolic risk factors during weight-loss maintenance, are still largely lacking.…”

Section: Plant-based Diet For Weight Loss and Other Health Parameters...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant-based diet for obesity treatment

Ahmad

2022

Front. Nutr.

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Obesity rates continue to rise, resulting in a global epidemic that shows no sign of slowing down. Our understanding of this complex disease is also constantly evolving, requiring healthcare providers to stay up to date with best practices. The application of plant-based diets (PBDs) may hold the key to a successful weight-control strategy. PBD refers to any dietary pattern that emphasizes the consumption of plant foods while excluding the consumption of most or all animal products. The purpose of this mini-review is to report on the application of PBDs as a potential treatment for obesity. PBDs have also been shown to be beneficial in the treatment of other non-communicable diseases, such as the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes. Many of the reported RCTs were of short duration. Longer-term studies, as well as studies focusing on strict adherence to the PBD regime, are needed. PBD is a beneficial approach to improving health, particularly in obese patients. Benefits include weight loss, improved cardiovascular health, lower blood pressure, and improved glucose metabolism.

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Section: Plant-based Diet For Weight Loss and Other Health Parameters...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant-based diet for obesity treatment

Ahmad

2022

Front. Nutr.

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“…TMAO has been identified as a potential CVD risk factor linked to diet, the gut microbiota, and cardiovascular health. Studies have shown that plant-based diets, such as the MD, vegetarian, and vegan diets, can effectively improve TMAO levels, while animal-based diets appear to have the opposite effect [142,143]. The only recent RCT included in the review [99] that evaluated TMAO concluded that TMAO concentrations were unrelated to RW intake.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Effects of Red Wine Consumption: A Narrative Review of an Issue That Still Deserves Debate

Lombardo¹,

Feraco

Camajani

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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A strong controversy persists regarding the effect of red wine (RW) consumption and health. Guidelines for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cancers discourage alcohol consumption in any form, but several studies have demonstrated that low RW intake may have positive effects on CVD risk. This review evaluated randomised controlled trials (RCTs), examining the recent literature on the correlations between acute and chronic RW consumption and health. All RCTs published in English on PubMed from 1 January 2000 to 28 February 2023 were evaluated. Ninety-one RCTs were included in this review, seven of which had a duration of more than six months. We assessed the effect of RW on: (1) antioxidant status, (2) cardiovascular function, (3) coagulation pathway and platelet function, (4) endothelial function and arterial stiffness, (5) hypertension, (6) immune function and inflammation status, (7) lipid profile and homocysteine levels, (8) body composition, type 2 diabetes and glucose metabolism, and (9) gut microbiota and the gastrointestinal tract. RW consumption mostly results in improvements in antioxidant status, thrombosis and inflammation markers, lipid profile, and gut microbiota, with conflicting results on hypertension and cardiac function. Notably, beneficial effects were observed on oxidative stress, inflammation, and nephropathy markers, with a modest decrease in CVD risk in five out of seven studies that evaluated the effect of RW consumption. These studies were conducted mainly in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and had a duration between six months and two years. Additional long-term RCTs are needed to confirm these benefits, and assess the potential risks associated with RW consumption.

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“…Vegan diets decrease the TMAO levels in plasma and urine, thus acting as a secondary prevention in AD, while diets high in animal protein have a negative effect [ 92 ]. In an interventional study investigating the impact of a vegan diet, the TMAO levels decreased after only eight weeks of consuming a vegan diet [ 93 ].…”

Section: Possible Beneficial Effects Of a Vegan Diet On The Brain And...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a Vegan Diet on Alzheimer’s Disease

Katonova

Sheardová

Amlerová

et al. 2022

IJMS

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There is evidence indicating that a vegan diet could be beneficial in the prevention of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the positive and negative aspects of a vegan diet regarding the risk of AD. Regarding AD prevention, a vegan diet includes low levels of saturated fats and cholesterol, contributing to a healthy blood lipid profile. Furthermore, it is rich in phytonutrients, such as vitamins, antioxidants, and dietary fiber, that may help prevent cognitive decline. Moreover, a vegan diet contributes to the assumption of quercetin, a natural inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO), which can contribute to maintaining mental health and reducing AD risk. Nonetheless, the data available do not allow an assessment of whether strict veganism is beneficial for AD prevention compared with vegetarianism or other diets. A vegan diet lacks specific vitamins and micronutrients and may result in nutritional deficiencies. Vegans not supplementing micronutrients are more prone to vitamin B12, vitamin D, and DHA deficiencies, which have been linked to AD. Thus, an evaluation of the net effect of a vegan diet on AD prevention and/or progression should be ascertained by taking into account all the positive and negative effects described here.

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The Influence of Animal- or Plant-Based Diets on Blood and Urine Trimethylamine-N-Oxide (TMAO) Levels in Humans

Cited by 22 publications

References 54 publications

Plant-based diet for obesity treatment

Plant-based diet for obesity treatment

Health Effects of Red Wine Consumption: A Narrative Review of an Issue That Still Deserves Debate

Effect of a Vegan Diet on Alzheimer’s Disease

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